Filtyp
Context. Satellite galaxies experience multiple physical processes when interacting with their host halos, often leading to the quenching of star formation. In the Local Group, satellite quenching has been shown to be highly efficient, affecting nearly all satellites except the most massive ones. While recent surveys study Milky Way-analogs to assess how representative our Local Group is, the domi
An important step in understanding the formation and evolution of the nuclear star cluster (NSC) is to investigate its chemistry and chemical evolution. Additionally, exploring the NSC’s relationship to the other structures in the Galactic center and the Milky Way disks is of great interest. Extreme optical extinction has previously prevented optical studies, but near-IR high-resolution spectrosco
Protein–protein interactions are fundamental to biological functions as well as the design of new functional food products and biomedicines. However, they can be challenging to computationally quantify due to strong forces and sensitivity to pronounced solution conditions. This thesis combines computational methods with Monte Carlo simulations to investigate strong protein interactions in diverse
Context. M-dwarf systems offer an opportunity to study terrestrial exoplanetary atmospheres due to their small size and cool temperatures. However, the extreme conditions imposed by these host stars raise a question about whether their close-in rocky planets are able to retain any atmosphere at all. Aims. The Hot Rocks Survey aims to answer this question by targeting nine different M-dwarf rocky p
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that have fueled the hope for sustainable biofuel production since they enhance the breakdown of recalcitrant polysaccharides like cellulose. In the consensus mechanism, their catalytic activity relies on forming an ‘oxyl’, [CuO˙−]+, species at the active site, followed by subsequent hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from the s
We give a general overview of what the scientific community refers to as “exocomets”. The general definition of exocomets, as presented in this work, is discussed and compared with Solar System comets and interstellar objects, addressing their detection around main-sequence stars as well as orbiting white dwarfs. We introduce the different types of exocomet observations, highlighting the differenc
The abundance and star formation histories of satellites of Milky Way (MW)-like galaxies are linked to their hosts' assembly histories. To explore this connection, we use the PARADIGM suite of zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations of MW-mass haloes, evolving the same initial conditions spanning various halo assembly histories with the VINTERGATAN and IllustrisTNG models. Our VINTERGATAN simulations o
Uronate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.12; URI) catalyzes uronate sugar interconversion, a key step in bacterial metabolism, yet its reaction mechanism remains poorly understood. This study delineates the detailed mechanism for the isomerization of d-glucuronate to d-fructuronate catalyzed by a Zn2+-dependent URI enzyme (from Bacillus halodurans). Using quantum mechanical (QM) cluster calculations, three mec
Context. Stellar radial migration has predominantly been examined in isolated disc galaxies where non-axisymmetric structures drive the process. By contrast, while tidal interactions are known for having an influence, their contribution remains comparatively under explored. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the nearest disc galaxy to the Milky Way (MW) and currently interacting with the Small Mage
A tight correlation between the baryonic and observed acceleration of galaxies has been reported over a wide mass range (108 < M bar/M⊙ < 1011 M⊙); this is known as the radial acceleration relation (RAR). This has been interpreted as evidence that dark matter is actually a manifestation of a modified, weak-field gravity theory. In this work, we studied the radially resolved RAR of 12 nearby dwarf
We present a novel method combining existing cosmological simulations and orbital integration to study the hierarchical assembly of globular cluster (GC) populations in the Milky Way (MW). Our method models the growth and evolution of GC populations across various galactic environments as well as the dynamical friction and mass loss experienced by these objects. This allowed us to follow the traje
Non-spherical particles play a crucial role in industrial and geological flows, however, a comprehensive description of their rheology as a function of inertial number and asphericity remains incomplete. In this study, we examine the influence of particle shape using spheroidal particles through simulations of simple shear flow under Lees-Edwards boundary conditions, focusing on the dense flow reg
Alternating shear rotations, also known as tacking, can effectively alter viscosity, the jamming point, and dissipation per strain for dense suspensions. For a given packing fraction, viscosity decreases with increasing cruising (tacking) angle, while dissipation shows a complex dependence on both packing fraction and cruising angle. Generally, the cruising angle required to reduce overall dissipa
Comparative genomic analysis often involves visualization of alignments of genomic loci. While several software tools are available for this task, ranging from Python and R libraries to stand-alone graphical user interfaces, a tool is lacking that offers fast, automated usage and the production of publication-ready vector images. Here we present LoVis4u, a command-line tool and Python API designed
How mergers affect galaxy formation depends on both feedback processes, and on the geometry and strength of the mergers themselves. We introduce the PARADIGM project, where we study the response of a simulated Milky-Way-mass galaxy (M200c ∼ 1012 M at z = 0) forming in a cosmological setting to differing merger histories, using genetically modified initial conditions, each simulated with the VINTER
We have calculated redox potentials of 12 blue copper protein sites comparing 64 computational methods, systematically varying the quantum mechanics (QM) system size, dielectric constants, density functional, and basis sets. All methods were based on structures optimized with combined QM and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approaches. The redox potentials were evaluated using 10 quality metrics. The b
Developing an efficient code for large, multiscale astrophysical simulations is crucial in preparing for the upcoming era of exascale computing. RAMSES is an astrophysical simulation code that employs parallel processing based on the message-passing interface (MPI). However, it has limitations in computational and memory efficiency when using a large number of CPU cores. The problem stems from ine
Context. The peculiar Galactic globular cluster ω Centauri (NGC 5139) has drawn attention for its unique features, such as an unusually high stellar mass compared to other Galactic globular clusters and a broad distribution of chemical elements. These features have led to the hypothesis that ω Centauri might be the nuclear remnant of an ancient dwarf galaxy accreted by the Milky Way, potentially b
We carried out the first high-resolution transit observations of the exoplanet WASP-49 Ab with Keck/HIRES. Upon custom wavelength calibration we achieve a Doppler RV precision of < 60 m s−1. . This is an improvement in RV stability of roughly 240 m s−1 with respect to the instrument standard. We report an average sodium flux residual of (Formula presented) per cent t (8.0σ) comparable to previous
Context. The bar pattern speed of the LMC has been computed based on data from Gaia DR3 using three different methods. One method suggested that the LMC might be hosting a bar that barely rotates, and is slightly counter-rotating with respect to the disc of the LMC, with a pattern speed of Ωp = −1.0 ± 0.5 km s−1 kpc−1. Aims. We aim to confirm that tidal interactions might prevent the bar hosted by
