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The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider reads out particle collision data from over 100 million electronic channels at a rate of approximately 100 kHz, with a recording rate for physics events of approximately 1 kHz. Before being certified for physics analysis at computer centres worldwide, the data must be scrutinised to ensure they are clean from any hardware or software related issues t
This paper presents a topology optimization framework for designing periodic viscoplastic microstructures under finite deformation. To demonstrate the framework, microstructures with tailored macroscopic mechanical properties, e.g., maximum viscoplastic energy absorption and prescribed zero contraction, are designed. The simulated macroscopic properties are obtained via homogenization wherein the
This paper incorporates hyperelastic materials, nonlinear kinematics, and preloads in eigenfrequency constrained density–based topology optimization. The formulation allows for initial finite deformations and subsequent small harmonic oscillations. The optimization problem is solved by the method of moving asymptotes, and the gradients are calculated using the adjoint method. Both simple and degen
ϒ production in p–Pb interactions is studied at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision sNN=8.16 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed reconstructing bottomonium resonances via their dimuon decay channel, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03
The prevalence of hadronic jets at the LHC requires that a deep understanding of jet formation and structure is achieved in order to reach the highest levels of experimental and theoretical precision. There have been many measurements of jet substructure at the LHC and previous colliders, but the targeted observables mix physical effects from various origins. Based on a recent proposal to factoriz
The pT-differential non-linear flow modes, v4,22, v5,32, v6,33 and v6,222 for π±, K±, KS0 , p + p ¯ , Λ + Λ ¯ and ϕ-meson have been measured for the first time at sNN = 5.02 TeV in Pb-Pb collisions with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results were obtained with a multi-particle technique, correlating the identified hadrons with reference charged particles from a different pseu
The striking similarities that have been observed between high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions and heavy-ion collisions can be explored through multiplicity-differential measurements of identified hadrons in pp collisions. With these measurements, it is possible to study mechanisms such as collective flow that determine the shapes of hadron transverse momentum (pT) spectra, to search fo
In this work, compliant mechanisms are designed by using multi-objective topology optimization, where maximization of the output displacement and minimization of the strain are considered simultaneously. To quantify the strain, we consider typical measures of strain, which are based on the p-norm, and a new class of strain quantifying functions, which are based on the variance of the strain. The t
This paper describes precision measurements of the transverse momentum pTℓℓ (ℓ= e, μ) and of the angular variable ϕη∗ distributions of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in a mass range of 66–116 GeV. The analysis uses data from 36.1 fb- 1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. Measurements in electron-pair and muon-pair
This paper presents a measurement of the production cross-section of a Z boson in association with b-jets, in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.6 fb−1. Inclusive and differential cross-sections are measured for events containing a Z boson decaying into electrons or muons and produ
Background: Previous research shows that critical constructive feedback, that scaffolds students to improve on tasks, often remains untapped. The paper’s aim is to illuminate at what stages students provided with such feedback drop out of feedback processing. Methods: In our model, students can drop out at any of five stages of feedback processing: (1) noticing, (2) decoding, (3) making sense, (4)
The genetic material of viruses is protected by protein shells that are assembled from a large number of subunits in a process that is efficient and robust. Many of the mechanistic details underpinning efficient assembly of virus capsids are still unknown. The assembly mechanism of hepatitis B capsids has been intensively researched using a truncated core protein lacking the C-terminal domain resp
Azimuthal anisotropies of muons from charm and bottom hadron decays are measured in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 0.5nb−1 and 1.4nb−1, respectively. The kinematic selection for heavy-flavor muons requires transverse momentum 4
The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v1) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D0 mesons for the transverse momentum intervals pT>0.2 GeV/c and 3
The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons (K∗0 and φ) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element ρ00 is measured at midrapidity (|y|
A search for Higgs boson pair production via vector-boson fusion (VBF) in the bb¯ bb¯ final state is carried out with the ATLAS experiment using 126 fb−1 of proton- proton collision data delivered at s = 13 TeV by the Large Hadron Collider. This search is sensitive to VBF production of additional heavy bosons that may decay into Higgs boson pairs, and in a non-resonant topology it can constrain th
Gluten protein crosslinking is a predetermined process where specific intra-and intermolecular disulfide bonds differ depending on the protein and cysteine motif. In this article, all-atom Monte Carlo simulations were used to understand the formation of disulfide bonds in gliadins and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS). The two intrinsically disordered proteins appeared to contain mos
Single top-quark production in association with a Z boson, where the Z boson decays to a pair of charged leptons, is measured in the trilepton channel. The proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment from 2015 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. Events containing three isolated charged leptons (electrons o
There is a great interest within the research community to understand the structure-function relationship for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs); however, the heterogeneous distribution of conformations that IDPs can adopt limits the applicability of conventional structural biology methods. Here, scattering techniques, such as small-angle X-ray scattering, can contribute. In this chapter, we
Automatic recognition of an online series of unsegmented actions requires a method for segmentation that determines when an action starts and when it ends. In this paper, a novel approach for recognizing unsegmented actions in online test experiments is proposed. The method uses self-organizing neural networks to build a three-layer cognitive architecture. The unique features of an action sequence
