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Popular Abstract in Swedish Peptidaser, proteolytiska enzymer eller proteinhydrolaser är olika benämningar på samma sorts enzymer. Deras funktion är att bryta ner proteiner i alla celler, vävnader eller vätskor i antingen vår egen kropp eller i någon annan levande organism. Varför behövs dessa enzymer? Deras funktion påminner om den av en återvinningscentral, där peptidaserna avvecklar felfungeraProteolytic enzymes are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in peptides and proteins. This ability to carry out protein degradation is essential for many cellular and extracellular processes that occur in all living organisms. Cysteine peptidases constitute a class of proteolytic enzymes. Among these, papain-like (C1) peptidases are the mostly studied ones. Inhibitors regulate proteolytic activit

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svensk populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning av avhandlingen Olfaction in Desert Locusts – Anatomy, Function and Plasticity of the Central Olfactory System av Rickard Ignell, Ekologiska institutionen, Lunds Universitet 2001. Doftsinnet hos ökengräshoppor Att studera ökengräshoppans, Schistocerca gregaria, doftsinne är att försöka komma underfund med några av de mekanismeThe anatomy, function and plasticity of the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL), of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria was investigated using a number of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological methods. Anatomical characterisation of the AL in a number of orthopteran species made it possible to deduce a model concerning the evolution of microglomeruli. These neuropil structures, c

It is attractive to integrate a large deformable mirror for adaptive optics into an astronomical telescope rather than using relay optics within an auxiliary instrument. However, the resulting large deformable mirror can be expensive, particularly for extremely large telescopes. We have pursued a low-cost approach using force actuators connected to the back of the deformable mirror through suction

This study aims to explain the structure and content of Swedish city centres. The distribution and density of commercial activities in the cities are analysed with network constrained methods (Kernel density estimation, Ripley’s K-function and centrality measures) in GIS-programs. External shopping centres and economic theories are used as a benchmark against which city centres are compared. The

This essay discusses digital content and their judicial status; especially the issue concerning the classification of digital content as either sales contracts or service contracts. The term digital content is to be understood as computer programs, applications, games, music, videos or texts. This essay will mainly focus on consumers and their rights when purchasing digital content which are not s

Då HovR över Skåne och Blekinge, mål nr. B 2802-10, avkunnade sin dom den 21 september 2011 hade ytterligare en frikännande misshandelsdom behandlats av det svenska rättssystemet. Den tilltalade hade piskat målsäganden med olika redskap så att skador uppkommit. Det som skiljde detta mål från ett vanligt misshandelsmål, var att målsäganden hade samtyckt till de olika handlingarna, som en del av ettAs the Court of Appeals for Skåne and Blekinge, case no. B 2802-10, gave its judgment on September 21, 2011, was yet another acquittal assault judgment processed by the Swedish judicial system. The accused had hit the victim with different instruments in a way that caused damage to the plaintiff. However, what distinguishes this case from an ordinary assaultcase was that the plaintiff had consente

During 2015, in Svensk Juristtidning, one specific question has triggered debate: the question of what value – the penal value or the ‘meting out of punishment value’ – should constitute the starting point for the choice of sanction. The same question and debate served as source of inspiration for the subject of this thesis. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and elucidate Chapter 29 of the

The recent developments in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics has laid the foundation for developing highly efficient devices that utilizes quantum effects. One such device is a quantum dot heat engine, that consists of one or more quantum dots tunnel coupled to two leads. By tuning the energy levels of the quantum dots appropriately one can obtain a flow of electrons through the quantum dot sy

Byggbranschen är i dagsläget en av de störst bidragande faktorerna till utsläpp av fossila bränslen i Sverige och besitter en stor utvecklingspotential beträffande reducering av klimatpåverkan. En byggnads klimatpåverkan under en livscykel kan beräknas genom metoden livscykelanalys, som inkluderar en produkts, eller i detta fall en byggnads, klimatpåverkan från råvaruutvinning till avfallshanterinThe construction industry is currently one of the largest contributing sources to carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden and has great development potential in reducing its climate impact. Since January 2022, the Swedish government requires a declaration of the climate impact of each recently constructed building. To calculate the climate impact of a building, the life cycle assessment tool is used, a

På grund av att miljöskatter kan användas som ett ekonomiskt styrmedel samtidigt som de även tillskrivs ett fiskalt syfte har användningen av dessa i gröna skatteväxlingar blivit populärt hos den svenska lagstiftaren. Att ersätta förlorade intäkter från inkomstskatt med intäkter från miljöskatter kan dock ibland visa sig vara problematiskt, eftersom miljöskatternas styrande effekt medför att de inEnvironmental taxes are often designed to both shift away demand from goods that have a negative impact on the environment, and to generate tax revenue to the public treasury. This makes them appropriate to use in green tax shifts, where the legislator is able to reduce other taxes, e.g. taxes on income, while still being able to maintain overall tax revenue. A green tax shift can however sometime

Bygg- och fastighetssektorn stod år 2020 för 21% av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser (Boverket, 2023a). För att synliggöra och därigenom minska klimatpåverkan vid uppförandet av nya byggnader blev det den 1 januari 2022 obligatoriskt att genomföra klimatdeklaration av nya byggnader som kräver bygglov, med vissa undantag (Boverket, 2021a). Klimatdeklarationen ska redovisa klimatpåverkan frånThe construction and real estate sector accounted for 21 % of Sweden’s total green-house gas emissions in 2020. To mitigate the impact of new buildings, the Swedish government introduced a new law on climate declaration for new buildings called “lag om klimatdeklaration”. The law requires most new buildings, which already re-quired building permits, to perform a climate declaration. The climate de

Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla levande organismer består av celler som tillsammans med molekyler generellt kallade extracellulär matrix bildar en vävnad. Celler innehåller fyra huvudgrupper av byggstenar: socker, fettsyror, aminosyror och nukleotider, vilka i tur och ordning bildar kolhydrater, fetter, proteiner och nukleinsyror. I vävnaderna pågår en ständig omsättning av byggstenarna och molekThis thesis describes structural and functional studies of alpha-1-microglobulin (a1m), a 26 kDa plasma and tissue protein that is evolutionarily well-conserved and belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. The lipocalins are polypeptides of 160-190-amino acids that are folded into an 8-stranded beta-barrel forming a pocket with a hydrophobic interior. a1m carries heterogeneous yellow-brown chromophor

Internet har bara de senaste årtiondena intagit en självklar roll i västvärldens vardag; genom denna kanal sker såväl social kommunikation och marknadsföring som affärstransaktioner och myndighetsutövning. Internets framväxt – och dess stigande antal användare – har givit upphov till nya behov av lagstiftning och normering; när den nya tekniken, vilken utvecklas och breddas för var dag som går, möFor the last decades, the Internet has become a natural factor in the every day life of citizens of the West; through this channel of communication, social media and advertising, as well as business transactions and exercising of authority is carried out on a daily basis. The development of the Internet – and its many users – have given rise to new needs for legislation and standards; when technol

In this thesis, the phonetics and the phonology of non-modal voice quality and other glottal features in Chichimeco (Oto-Manguean, Mexico) are described. For this investigation, I analysed recordings I made in Mexico in spring 2017 as well as recordings enclosed in Lastra (2009b, 2016). Descriptions of this language have been published since the 1930s but non-modal phonation has not received the

Lera är ett naturligt förekommande material och består utav små finkorniga lermineraler, vilka utgörs till stor del av laddade nanopartiklar, även kallade lerflak. Dessa har en platt form med en tjocklek på en miljarddels meter (1 nanometer) och diametern kan variera alltifrån fem till tusen gånger större än tjockleken. Detta kan jämföras med ett A4-ark, där längden på kortsidan är tusen gånger stClay minerals consist of clay platelets, which are anisotropic in both size and charge, and these can form a lamellar structure depending on the size, making it a seemingly perfect model system for an electrical double layer. The situation is however, from a structural point, slightly less ideal. Clay is a challenging system since it has a polydisperse distribution of anisotropic clay platelets an

Abstract Bachelor´s thesis in financial economics, Department of economics, School of economics and management, Lund. 15 ECTS, Fall 2010. Questions at issue - Will a portfolio composed with value stock outperform a portfolio composed consisting growth stocks between the years 1996-2009 on the Swedish stock market? - Will any of the portfolios create a risk adjusted excess return with comparison to

Background: To gain more knowledge of the mechanism behind the appearance of radiation induced cancer, the cellular response at low doses has to be studied. A Single Ion Hit Facility (SIHF) at the Lund Nuclear Microprobe Laboratory will be used for this purpose. The facility allows single MeV ions to hit single living cells.Purpose: The goals of this work were to i) design a suitable cell dish whe

Radiochromic film, polymer gel and radiochromic plastic are three different kinds of dosimeters developed for radiation therapy. Even though all three types of dosimeters are suitable for optical scanning, the proposed readout method is different for each detector system. In this study, the scanning properties of three optical CT scanners were investigated to determine if they could be developed i

Background: Whether high dairy consumption is related to longevity is still unclear, and additional studies of prospective cohorts with high-quality dietary data from populations with wide consumption ranges are needed. Objective: To examine the association between dairy consumption and mortality in a Swedish cohort. Design: Among 26,190 participants (62% females, 45-73 years old) without diabetesBackground: Whether high dairy consumption is related to longevity is still unclear, and additional studies of prospective cohorts with high-quality dietary data from populations with wide consumption ranges are needed. Objective: To examine the association between dairy consumption and mortality in a Swedish cohort. Design: Among 26,190 participants (62% females, 45-73 years old) without diabetes