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Popular Abstract in Swedish Peptidaser, proteolytiska enzymer eller proteinhydrolaser är olika benämningar på samma sorts enzymer. Deras funktion är att bryta ner proteiner i alla celler, vävnader eller vätskor i antingen vår egen kropp eller i någon annan levande organism. Varför behövs dessa enzymer? Deras funktion påminner om den av en återvinningscentral, där peptidaserna avvecklar felfungeraProteolytic enzymes are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in peptides and proteins. This ability to carry out protein degradation is essential for many cellular and extracellular processes that occur in all living organisms. Cysteine peptidases constitute a class of proteolytic enzymes. Among these, papain-like (C1) peptidases are the mostly studied ones. Inhibitors regulate proteolytic activit

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svensk populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning av avhandlingen Olfaction in Desert Locusts – Anatomy, Function and Plasticity of the Central Olfactory System av Rickard Ignell, Ekologiska institutionen, Lunds Universitet 2001. Doftsinnet hos ökengräshoppor Att studera ökengräshoppans, Schistocerca gregaria, doftsinne är att försöka komma underfund med några av de mekanismeThe anatomy, function and plasticity of the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL), of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria was investigated using a number of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological methods. Anatomical characterisation of the AL in a number of orthopteran species made it possible to deduce a model concerning the evolution of microglomeruli. These neuropil structures, c

Popular Abstract in English Popular science Microbial cells are small and difficult to handle in industrial processes, especially if they are to be reused subsequent batches. In order to make them easier to handle, these cells can be attached to a solid support, by so-called immobilization. This provides particles of sizes that are easy to filter and reuse. However, immobilization is associated wiAbstract Due to the finite nature of fossil resources and their environmental impact, such as greenhouse gases and climate change, the bio-based production of chemicals, materials and fuels is the subject of extensive research in industrial biotechnology. Biotransformation and fermentation are considered to be mild, “green” processes that make use of effective and reliable biocatalysts to provide

The work presented in this thesis was concerned with investigating the relevant spectroscopic properties of Ce ions randomly doped in an Y2SiO5 crystal at low temperatures (around 4 K), in order to develop a technique and an experimental set-up to detect the fluorescence photons emitted by a single Ce ion. The aim of the work was to determine whether a single Ce ion (referred to as the readout ion

Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla levande organismer består av celler som tillsammans med molekyler generellt kallade extracellulär matrix bildar en vävnad. Celler innehåller fyra huvudgrupper av byggstenar: socker, fettsyror, aminosyror och nukleotider, vilka i tur och ordning bildar kolhydrater, fetter, proteiner och nukleinsyror. I vävnaderna pågår en ständig omsättning av byggstenarna och molekThis thesis describes structural and functional studies of alpha-1-microglobulin (a1m), a 26 kDa plasma and tissue protein that is evolutionarily well-conserved and belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. The lipocalins are polypeptides of 160-190-amino acids that are folded into an 8-stranded beta-barrel forming a pocket with a hydrophobic interior. a1m carries heterogeneous yellow-brown chromophor

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur kan svenska myndigheter förbereda sig för att hantera nästa kris när det gäller tillgängligheten av deras mest kritiska informationssystem? Det är den centrala frågan i denna avhandling. Svenska myndigheter och kommuner har en central roll i det svenska krishanteringssystemet. Givetvis är svenska kommunala och statliga verksamheter väldigt beroende av IT-system. SjAs our dependence on IT systems increases, evaluating the dependability of critical IT systems becomes more important. This is especially true for systems that are critical in a crisis situation and whose dependability is an important factor in an organisation's capability to resolve a crisis. Because crisis situations are typically rare events, both the dependability and the criticality of IT sys

Popular Abstract in English Blood, a deep red fluid, circulates in vessels throughout our body. It consists of two main components, a liquid part and a cell part. The liquid portion, which is also called ‘plasma’, takes a main function in transporting water, nutrients, and immune substances. The cell components, which are suspended in the plasma, consist of three main cell types including platelet

The aims were to assess the prevalence of ovarian tumors in fertile asymptomatic women and to evaluate the risk of ovarian cancer in women with a history of benign ovarian tumors and endometriosis. In order to search for biomarkers in ovarian tumors, the plasminogen activating (PA) system was studied. A random sample of women 25-40 years old was invited to a transvaginal ultrasonography examinati

It is attractive to integrate a large deformable mirror for adaptive optics into an astronomical telescope rather than using relay optics within an auxiliary instrument. However, the resulting large deformable mirror can be expensive, particularly for extremely large telescopes. We have pursued a low-cost approach using force actuators connected to the back of the deformable mirror through suction

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen behandlar skolverksamheten i en svensk medelstor kommun under perioden 1996-2005 med fokus på de delar av verksamheten som handlar om stödåtgärder för elever med skolsvårigheter Syftet med studien är att undersöka skolans bedömning av elevers skolsvårigheter i ett längre perspektiv, och innefattar bl.a. elevers subjektiva upplevelser och konsekvenser i skoThis thesis examines school activity in a medium-sized Swedish municipality 1996?2005 focusing on the parts of the activity that deal with support measures for pupils with school difficulties. The purpose of the study is to examine the assessment of pupils? school difficulties in a longer perspective, considering pupils? subjective experiences and consequences of the school's organisation and wor

This essay discusses digital content and their judicial status; especially the issue concerning the classification of digital content as either sales contracts or service contracts. The term digital content is to be understood as computer programs, applications, games, music, videos or texts. This essay will mainly focus on consumers and their rights when purchasing digital content which are not s

In this thesis, the phonetics and the phonology of non-modal voice quality and other glottal features in Chichimeco (Oto-Manguean, Mexico) are described. For this investigation, I analysed recordings I made in Mexico in spring 2017 as well as recordings enclosed in Lastra (2009b, 2016). Descriptions of this language have been published since the 1930s but non-modal phonation has not received the

Bygg- och fastighetssektorn stod år 2020 för 21% av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser (Boverket, 2023a). För att synliggöra och därigenom minska klimatpåverkan vid uppförandet av nya byggnader blev det den 1 januari 2022 obligatoriskt att genomföra klimatdeklaration av nya byggnader som kräver bygglov, med vissa undantag (Boverket, 2021a). Klimatdeklarationen ska redovisa klimatpåverkan frånThe construction and real estate sector accounted for 21 % of Sweden’s total green-house gas emissions in 2020. To mitigate the impact of new buildings, the Swedish government introduced a new law on climate declaration for new buildings called “lag om klimatdeklaration”. The law requires most new buildings, which already re-quired building permits, to perform a climate declaration. The climate de

Internet har bara de senaste årtiondena intagit en självklar roll i västvärldens vardag; genom denna kanal sker såväl social kommunikation och marknadsföring som affärstransaktioner och myndighetsutövning. Internets framväxt – och dess stigande antal användare – har givit upphov till nya behov av lagstiftning och normering; när den nya tekniken, vilken utvecklas och breddas för var dag som går, möFor the last decades, the Internet has become a natural factor in the every day life of citizens of the West; through this channel of communication, social media and advertising, as well as business transactions and exercising of authority is carried out on a daily basis. The development of the Internet – and its many users – have given rise to new needs for legislation and standards; when technol

This study aims to explain the structure and content of Swedish city centres. The distribution and density of commercial activities in the cities are analysed with network constrained methods (Kernel density estimation, Ripley’s K-function and centrality measures) in GIS-programs. External shopping centres and economic theories are used as a benchmark against which city centres are compared. The

Kan strukturer 1000 gånger smalare än ett hårstrå ha någon effekt på den globala energiförsörjningen? Jorden tar emot mer energi från solen på en timme än vad som förbrukas under ett helt år. Genom att utnyttja en bråkdel av denna energi så skulle beroendet av fossila bränslen inte längre behöva dominera jordens energiomsättning. Ny forskning sammanfogar högeffektiva ”tandem-solceller” med nanoteThe I-V and photovoltaic properties of III-V semiconducting GaInP nanowires have been studied using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in evaluation for usage as a potential "sub cell" in a nanowire based tandem solar cell configuration. This evaluation required precise I-V characterization and photo response measurements of individual nanowires. Such measurements usually involve rigo

Ekonomin i Kina har blomstrat över de senaste tiotal åren, och tillsammans med det skyhöga antalet invånare, strävar landet nu efter att uppnå världens största medelklass. Men för att Kina och hela världen skall kunna upprätthålla en levnadsstandard likt den vi har i väst, så kommer vi göra det på stor bekostnad av klimatet. Huvudsakligen sker det på grund av den massiva förbränning av kol och fosMeteorological conditions are influenced everyday by air-bound aerosols and pollution in the atmosphere, and understanding these processes from micro to synoptic scale, is essential for forecasting and creating high resolution weather models. In this study, three different experimental weather models are analysed to provide some understanding on how various meteorological parameters are influenced

The recent developments in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics has laid the foundation for developing highly efficient devices that utilizes quantum effects. One such device is a quantum dot heat engine, that consists of one or more quantum dots tunnel coupled to two leads. By tuning the energy levels of the quantum dots appropriately one can obtain a flow of electrons through the quantum dot sy

Byggbranschen är i dagsläget en av de störst bidragande faktorerna till utsläpp av fossila bränslen i Sverige och besitter en stor utvecklingspotential beträffande reducering av klimatpåverkan. En byggnads klimatpåverkan under en livscykel kan beräknas genom metoden livscykelanalys, som inkluderar en produkts, eller i detta fall en byggnads, klimatpåverkan från råvaruutvinning till avfallshanterinThe construction industry is currently one of the largest contributing sources to carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden and has great development potential in reducing its climate impact. Since January 2022, the Swedish government requires a declaration of the climate impact of each recently constructed building. To calculate the climate impact of a building, the life cycle assessment tool is used, a