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Popular Abstract in Swedish Målet avhandlingen har varit att undersöka möjligheten att bygga en kvantdator i kristaller dopade med joner av sällsynta jordartsmetaller. Det har visat sig att sådana joner har en väldigt lång livstid, vilket är en förutsättning för de typer av experiment som har utförts i den här avhandlingen. För att ytterliggare förhindra att de känsliga tillstånden i jonerna störsThis thesis describes a number of coherent processes, such as quantum information processing, superradiance and electromagnetically induced transparency, which have been experimentally implemented using rare-earth-ion-doped crystals. The rare-earths are a class of elements that have in common, an atomic structure that allows for very long lifetimes as well as coherence times, both on optical trans

Popular Abstract in Swedish De allra flesta av oss bilister har någon gång kört på en väg med tydliga spår i vägytan. Man märker tydligt hur både komforten och säkerheten minskar eftersom möjligheten att styra fordonet försämras. Dessutom försämras trafiksäkerheten ytterligare när regn eller snö ansamlas och orsakar vattenplaning eller halka. Därför får de gradvis framväxande spåren inte bli för dThree mechanistic-empirical permanent deformation models were evaluated under Swedish conditions with respect to traffic, climate and materials using accelerated pavement testing and long-term pavement performance studies. The mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (M E PDG), the incremental-recursive mechanistic-empirical CalME model (CalME), and the PErmanent Deformation of asphalt concrete

Varumärkesrätten är territoriell, till skillnad från Internet, en av våra idag viktigaste marknadsplatser, som är globalt. Ett resultat av varumärkesrättens territorialitet och det faktum att rättigheterna till ett varumärke följer registrerings- eller inarbetningslandets gränser är att det är möjligt för ett varumärke att ägas av olika innehavare i olika länder. Vilket kan leda till problem när sTrademark law is territorial, contrary to one of today’s most important market places - the Internet, which is a global medium. Since the exclusive right to a trademark follows the boundaries of its country of registration or incorporation, it is possible for the same trademarks to be registered by different owners in different countries, something that can lead to problems on the Internet. The bo

I en strävan efter att göra brottsbekämpningen mer effektiv har miljösanktionsavgifter kommit att bli allt vanligare på miljörättens område. Kravet på effektivitet är inte alltid lätt att förena med kravet på rättssäkerhet. Sanktionsavgifternas framväxt som respons på den ökade brottsligheten riskerar att leda till att tidigare straffrättsliga principer och rättssäkerhetsgarantier utvidgas allt meIn an attempt to streamline law enforcement, the use of environmental sanction charges has become more and more common within the area of Swedish environmental law. To obtain efficiency without neglecting general principles of fairness and legal certainty, the rule of law, is however easier said than done. The extended use of environmental sanction charges to prevent crimes may even jeopardize for

Sammanfattning Integritet i arbetslivet är, delvis på grund av ny och allt billigare teknik inom området, en högst aktuell fråga idag som skär tvärs igenom alla nivåer i arbetslivet. Hanteringen av personanknuten information ökar och de metoder som används för att samla in och bearbeta personuppgifter förfinas hela tiden. Samtidigt är övervakning i arbetslivet knappast något nytt fenomen. Även deSummary As a result of new and cheaper technology in surveillance, integrity in the workforce is a highly relevant question that cuts through all levels of the workforce. Handling of personal information is increasing, and the methods used to collect and process personal information is constantly refined. Meanwhile surveillance in the workplace is no new phenomenon. Even the very first theorists

The purpose of this paper is to determine to what degree there are textual and conceptual similarities between the British National Party’s (BNP) and UK Independence Party’s (UKIP) construction of in-groups and out-groups. The focus is on the two discursive strategies nomination (attribution of word form) and predication (attribution of quality). For the present study I adopt the Discourse-Histori

Prosadie problems are often found in children with Janguage impairment. However, man y speech and Janguage pathologists find i t difficult to assess these problems. Testing is an important part when i t comes to diagnosing and estimating Janguage impairment. At present there is no formalized Swedish test proeecture to investigate prosadie problems. The aim of this stud y was to investigate to what

Human financial decisions are known to deviate from ‘rational’, particularly under uncertainty and if time delays are involved. In the Nobel-winning prospect theory, Tversky and Kahneman showed that deviations from rational behavior were not only robust but also quite predictable, if considering average behavior in a population. They found that people consider gains and losses not in absolute term

This study provide insights into the sources of differences in the degree of income-related inequalities in self-assessed health in 10 European countries using data on an older population (aged 50 and above) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, 2004). The aim of this study is to compare the inequalities of this older population with a younger population used in van Do

Framtidens stora biodrivmedel kommer till största del utgöras av 1:a generationens etanol och FAME, i tidsperspektivet 10-20 år som denna rapport behandlar. Andra biodrivmedel kommer dock att dyka upp, men kommer en-bart att uppta mindre marknadsandelar och framför allt nischmarknader som fordonsflottor. Detta baseras på 38 djupintervjuer med intressenter från alla led av branschen samt statistik-

Patent law has been prevalent in climate change discussions, as a factor linking technology, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and the climate crisis. The inventive step, its set threshold and the environmental benefits for the assessment of its current state, are one of the paths where patent law can act as a potential promoter of green technologies. This paper aims to asses how patent law can

Havsnivån stiger till följd av den globala uppvärmningen. Fastigheter kommer att drabbas av översvämningar och stora fastighetsvärden kommer att påverkas. Länsförsäkringar beslutade 2018 att sluta försäkra nybyggnation av bostäder inom områden som löper risk för översvämning där länsstyrelsen har avrått från byggnation. Flera kommuner planerar för skydd av befintlig bebyggelse, men examensarbe

En slitsmur är en geokonstruktion som utförs genom att paneler platsgjuts med marken som form. Panelerna bildar tillsammans en samverkande vägg. Tekniken är vanlig utomlands men fortfarande relativt ovanlig i Sverige. Behovet, och därmed intresset, av slitsmurar i Sverige växer dock i takt med förtätningen av städer och infrastrukturprojekt som kräver djup schaktning och anläggning. Kraven på låg A diaphragm wall is a retaining wall which is produced as a cast in-situ concrete wall. The ground itself acts as formwork. The technique is widely used internationally but it is comparably still a rare technique in Sweden. However, the need, and therefore interest in Sweden for diaphragm walls is growing as the number of inner city infrastructure projects requiring deep excavations increases. The

Prosperous cities have constantly changed and their ability to adapt to contemporary commercial demands has always been rewarded, but this may no longer be the case. Delhi residents are now paying a high price for this endeavor with schools closed due to toxic air caused by high levels of carbon dioxide. Although previous urban transformations by drastic demolition had an insignificant climate imp

In terms of its total population, Sweden is one of the countries with the highest proportion of immigrants in the EU. Several factors are critical in integrating immigrants, especially their economic security in a new country. This thesis examines the relationship between law enforcement and economic security for over- indebted immigrants. The primary purpose of this research is to explore the relIn terms of its total population, Sweden is one of the countries with the highest proportion of immigrants in the EU. Several factors are critical in integrating immigrants, especially their economic security in a new country. This thesis examines the relationship between law enforcement and economic security for over- indebted immigrants. The primary purpose of this research is to explore the rel

Cellular communication is constantly evolving; currently 5G systems are being deployed and research towards 6G is ongoing. Three use cases have been discussed as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). To fulfill the requirements of these use cases, new technologies are needed and one enabler is massive mult

The new genus Kudratoviella for the former Caloplaca zeorina group having the highest level of bootstrap support in the phylogenetic tree of the Teloschistaceae, based on combined dataset of nrITS, 28S nrLSU DNA and 12S SSU mtDNA sequences, which does not belong to any other earlier proposed genera of the subfamily Xanthorioideae, is described. The genus Oceanoplaca Arup, Søchting et Bungartz founThe new genus Kudratoviella for the former Caloplaca zeorina group having the highest level of bootstrap support in the phylogenetic tree of the Teloschistaceae, based on combined dataset of nrITS, 28S nrLSU DNA and 12S SSU mtDNA sequences, which does not belong to any other earlier proposed genera of the subfamily Xanthorioideae, is described. The genus Oceanoplaca Arup, Søchting et Bungartz foun

This thesis covers the estimation of the fracture behaviour of the European wood species Norway spruce and birch. The fracture behavior of wood can be quantified through three material parameters: the stiffness, the strength, and the specific fracture energy. In the present work, these parameters are characterized through two methods.The first method is purely experimental and only estimates one pThis thesis covers the estimation of the fracture behaviour of the European woodspecies Norway spruce and birch. The fracture behavior of wood can be quantifiedthrough three material parameters: the stiffness, the strength, and the specific fractureenergy. In the present work, these parameters are characterized through two methods.The first method is purely experimental and only estimates one para

Background Anti-interleukin (IL)-4Rα monoclonal antibodies (mAb) improve lung function and decreasethe number of exacerbations in patients with COPD type (T) 2 inflammation. However, the involvement ofearly innate immune responses underlying these treatment effects is not well known. We sought tounderstand the effect and mechanisms of IL-4Rα mAb treatment on bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) fromCBackgroundAnti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibodies (mAb) improve lung function and decrease the number of exacerbations in patients with COPD type (T) 2 inflammation. However, the involvement of early innate immune responses underlying these treatment effects is not well known. We sought to understand the effect and mechanisms of IL-4Rα mAb treatment on bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients under