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Three founder mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 contribute to the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in Ashkenazi Jews (AJ). They are observed at increased frequency in the AJ compared to other BRCA mutations in Caucasian non-Jews (CNJ). Several authors have proposed that elevated allele frequencies in the surrounding genomic regions reflect adaptive or balancing selection. Such proposals pre
The thesis explores the obligation in international law to protect the ecological integrity of transboundary watercourses. The thesis specifically examines the obligation to protect environmental flows, which essentially means to protect a certain water flow for the benefit of freshwater ecosystems and the ecosystem services they supply. The obligation to protect the integrity of transboundary watThe thesis explores the obligation in international law to protect the ecological integrity of transboundary watercourses. The thesis specifically examines the obligation to protect environmental flows, which essentially means to protect a certain water flow for the benefit of freshwater ecosystems and the ecosystem services they supply. The obligation to protect the integrity of transboundary wat
Projektet HITS/Transparens utforskar hur frivillig användning av informations- och kommunikationsteknologi av privata aktörer kan förbättra informationstransparens i transport av farligt gods. Detta tillvägagångssätt skiljer sig från en lång rad projekt som sedan 80-talet haft ett centralt myndighetsperspektiv på informationshantering kring farligt gods. I linje med tidigare resultat inom forsknin
In order to achieve significant improvements in road safety at the national level, there is a need for a systematic approach to road safety management with clear responsibilities and accountability. In this paper – after a review of the literature on guidelines, recommendations and research findings – twelve essential elements of such a systematic approach is pointed out, and corresponding relevanIn order to achieve significant improvements in road safety at the national level, there is a need for a systematic approach to road safety management with clear responsibilities and accountability. In this paper – after a review of the literature on guidelines, recommendations and research findings – twelve essential elements of such a systematic approach are pointed out, and corresponding releva
This study presents the first results from an ongoing initiative to develop a multi-millennial Baltic tree- ring width (TRW) chronology consisting of 12 floating records from subfossil Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) extracted from three Lithuanian peat-mining areas. The floating series have been complemented with absolutely dated TRW chronologies which were obtained from living trees growing inThis study presents the first results from an ongoing initiative to develop a multi-millennial Baltic tree-ring width (TRW) chronology consisting of 12 floating records from subfossil Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) extracted from three Lithuanian peat-mining areas. The floating series have been complemented with absolutely dated TRW chronologies which were obtained from living trees growing in
With the increased pressure and challenges of economic, environmental, and social character, the need for innovations (including both thegeneration and adoption of innovations) that can be implemented in supply chains increases. A number of novel concepts focusing onintelligent logistics and packaging systems are being developed and tested in the food industry, all over the world. Several of theseWith the increased pressure and challenges of economic, environmental, and social character, the need for innovations (including both the generation and adoption of innovations) that can be implemented in supply chains increases. A number of novel concepts focusing on intelligent logistics and packaging systems are being developed and tested in the food industry, all over the world. Several of the
A first lesson in physical chemistry invariably starts with an example of water existing in three states, or phases - gaseous (water vapour), liquid (water from the tap) and solid (ice cubes). Such phase transitions are easily observed, but their underlying cause is not so evident. Atoms and molecules are difficult to follow due to their minute size and rapid movements. So, in order to investigateThe effect of microscopic colloid interactions on the resultant macroscopic phase behaviour is a frequently studied topic in soft matter resarch, and lies at the heart of this thesis. Key structural and dynamic properties of colloidal model systems across liquid-solid transitions are tracked using optical imaging techniques. The first studied system comprises of thermosensitive microgels. These ar
Popular Abstract in Swedish Graviditetsdiabetes (GDM) definieras som nedsatt glukostolerans av varierande svårighets¬grad som upptäcks under graviditet och som oftast försvinner efter förlossning. GDM innebär ökad risk för såväl moder som barn. Kvinnor med GDM föder ofta stora barn och har ökad risk för komplikationer i samband med förlossningen. GDM-prevalensen varierar avsevärt mellan olika popuGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a heterogeneous disorder that is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Impaired beta-cell function and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of GDM. The overall aim of this thesis was to study the genetic and immunological risk factors that increase susceptibility to GDM. First, we investigated whether autoimmuni
BackgroundThe ambulance service is facing an increased number of calls and ambulance assignments. Between 12 and 42% of all assignments result in non-conveyance to the Accident and Emergency Department. However, there is limited knowledge regarding satisfaction among patients and significant others when patients are assessed as non-urgent and discharged at the scene. Therefore, the aim of the studBackgroundThe ambulance service is facing an increased number of calls and ambulance assignments. Between 12 and 42% of all assignments result in non-conveyance to the Accident and Emergency Department. However, there is limited knowledge regarding satisfaction among patients and significant others when patients are assessed as non-urgent and discharged at the scene. Therefore, the aim of the stud
Improvisation and Intention. Jazz musicians' views on improvisational cognitionIn previous research on jazz improvisation, questions about the role of intention seem to be subject to widely differing views. What role do intentions play in jazz improvisation? If the improviser has a conscious intention to play what is being played, is this simultaneous with the performance of it, or are intention
OBJECTIVE: Eleven genetic loci have reached genome-wide significance in a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in Parkinson disease (PD) based on populations of Caucasian descent. The extent to which these genetic effects are consistent across different populations is unknown.METHODS: Investigators from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium were invited to p
Placement errors of object clitics (OCL) in French have been documented in 2L1 and L2 but not in L1 acquisition (Granfeldt 2012; Hamann & Belletti 2006). In the present study, we investigate whether placement errors of third person singular OCLs may be due to cross-linguistic influence. We exposed successive (L1 French/L2 Italian and L1 Italian/L2 French) and simultaneous (2L1 Italian/French) Placement errors of object clitics (OCL) in French have been documented in 2L1 and L2 but not in L1 acquisition (Granfeldt, 2012; Hamann & Belletti, 2006). In the present study, we investigate whether placement errors of third person singular OCLs may be due to cross-linguistic influence. We exposed bilingual children (successive L1 French/L2 Italian and L1 Italian/L2 French and simultaneous 2
This chapter examines if identity is as important as is often claimed, and as a consequence, when and why concerns of identity are triggered in working life, and we do so through a constructionist identity perspective. In the chapter, we argue that many people do not necessarily engage with their identities most of the time and explore why they do in certain kinds of jobs and in particular situati
A user-friendly high-resolution intermediate complexity dynamic and spatially distributed flow model is crucial in urban flood modeling. Planners and consultants need to improve the accuracy of floods and estimation of risks. A new flow model will serve as a rapid tool to improve identification of these. This article provides a detailed explanation of a model based on a multiple flow algorithm. MoA user-friendly high-resolution intermediate complexity dynamic and spatially distributed flow model is crucial in urban flood modeling. Planners and consultants need to improve the accuracy of floods and estimation of risks. A new flow model will serve as a rapid tool to improve identification of these. This article provides a detailed explanation of a model based on a multiple flow algorithm. Mo
OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of human in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have focused on examining the structure and function of the subfields of the hippocampal formation (the dentate gyrus, CA fields 1-3, and the subiculum) and subregions of the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices). The ability to interpret the results of such studies and
The development of newer glucose-lowering drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in recent years, such as the SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists/analogues with well-documented clinical benefits from large trials, has influenced international guidelines. These drugs are able to reduce both macro- and microvascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and to prevent worsening of di
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) patients with a germline CHEK2 c.1100delC variant have an increased risk of contralateral BC (CBC) and worse BC-specific survival (BCSS) compared to non-carriers.AIM: To assessed the associations of CHEK2 c.1100delC, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with CBC risk and BCSS.METHODS: Analyses were based on 82,701 women diagnosed with a first primary invasive BC incl
This enquiry discusses the potential of a large number of linguistic theories, approaches, concepts etc. from Plato to usage-based linguistics for the understanding of the tense system in Ancient Greek, and particularly in the Greek of the New Testament. It is argued that many significant insights within linguistics in the period from the earliest beginning of linguistic thought up to Saussure havThis enquiry discusses the potential of a large number of linguistic theories, approaches, concepts etc. from Plato to usage-based linguistics for the understanding of the tense system in Ancient Greek, and particularly in the Greek of the New Testament. It is argued that many significant insights within linguistics in the period from the earliest beginning of linguistic thought up to Saussure hav
INTRODUCTION: Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often lacks diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring value in Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly in early disease stages. To improve its utility, we aimed to identify optimal atrophy markers for different intended uses.METHODS: We included 363 older adults; cognitively unimpaired individuals who were negative or positive for amyloid beta
