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Clinical islet transplantation is currently being explored as a treatment for persons with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycaemia unawareness. Although 'proof-of-principle' has been established in recent clinical studies, the procedure suffers from low efficacy. At the time of transplantation, the isolated islets are allowed to embolise the liver after injection in the portal vein, a procedure that is
Throughout the world, tidal marshes are being restored to obtain natural protection against recurring storm surges and sea level rise and to preserve the resources these habitats provide. Managed realignment, or breaching of the seaward dikes, is a restoration technique increasingly used; yet unsuitable site elevation has been a major constraint to habitat development. Controlled reduced tide (CRT
The ability to propagate under anaerobic conditions is an essential and unique trait of brewer's or baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cervisiae). To understand the evolution of facultative anaerobiosis we studied the dependence of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, more precisely the fourth enzymic activity catalysed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODase), on the enzymes of the respiratory chain in s
Women treated with estrogen exhibit a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer. steroid hormones exert their effects on target tissue through specific cytosol receptor protein. Knowledge of this steroid receptor concentration in endometrial carcinoma might facilitate the treatment of recurrences. We have compared the concentrations of endometrial estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptors wit
The ventral mesencephalon, containing the developing dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental region, was obtained from aborted human fetuses of 9-19 weeks of gestation. The tissue was grafted into the striatum of rats previously subjected to a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the mesostriatal dopamine pathway. The graft recipients were immunosuppressed by daily injections of Cycl
The incidence of Candida dubliniensis in immunocomprimised patients in Turkey has not yet been determined. In this study the presence of C. dubliniensis in oral rinse samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and healthy controls were investigated. Phenotypic tests like inability of growth at 45 degrees C, colony formation on Staib agar, intracellular beta-D-glucosidase activ
This article draws on socio-legal theory in relation to growing concerns over fairness, accountability and transparency of societally applied artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. The purpose is to contribute to a broad socio-legal orientation by describing legal and normative challenges posed by applied AI. To do so, the article first analyzes a set of problematic cases, e.g., image
BACKGROUND: Although rare in the general population, highly penetrant germline mutations in CDKN2A are responsible for 5-40% of melanoma cases reported in melanoma-prone families. We sought to determine whether MELPREDICT was generalizable to a global series of melanoma families and whether performance improvements can be achieved.METHODS: 2,116 familial melanoma cases were ascertained by the inte
BACKGROUND: Risk factors for childhood diarrhea in industrialized countries are not well characterized, although diarrhea remains an important cause of morbidity.METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 422 cases and 866 controls over 22 months in Denmark. We selected cases among children under 5 years of age with diarrhea. Age-matched healthy controls were selected from the background popula
The Virus-X-Viral Metagenomics for Innovation Value-project was a scientific expedition to explore and exploit uncharted territory of genetic diversity in extreme natural environments such as geothermal hot springs and deep-sea ocean ecosystems. Specifically, the project was set to analyse and exploit viral metagenomes with the ultimate goal of developing new gene products with high innovation val
Somatic mutation activity in immunoglobulin V kappa genes during the response to the hapten 2-phenyl-5-oxazolone was measured in lymph node B-cell populations at various timepoints after footpad immunization. When the V kappa Ox1 genes rearranged to the J kappa 5 segment were amplified from genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced, somatic mutations could be detected as early
Biosynthesis of decorin was investigated by incubating a rat fibroblast cell line with various radiolabelled protein and galactosaminoglycan precursors. The following cell-associated and distinct intermediates were isolated and identified: a pool of non-glycosylated core protein, two pools of decorin with incomplete chains, one with three sulphated disaccharide repeats and another with five or mor
A dosimeter gel, based on an agarose gel infused with a ferrous sulphate solution and evaluated in a magnetic resonance scanner, was used for complete verification of calculated dose distributions. Two standard treatment procedures, treatment of cancer in the urinary bladder and treatment of breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy, were examined using pixel-by-pixel and dose volume histogr
A new technique for assessing tissue blood flow using hyperpolarized tracers, based on the fact that the magnetization of a hyperpolarized substance can be destroyed permanently, is described. Assessments of blood flow with this technique are inherently insensitive to arterial delay and dispersion, and allow for quantification of the transit time and dispersion in the arteries that supply the inve
Metallic transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are benchmark systems for studying and controlling intertwined electronic orders in solids, with superconductivity developing from a charge-density wave state. The interplay between such phases is thought to play a critical role in the unconventional superconductivity of cuprates, Fe-based and heavy-fermion systems, yet even for the more moderately
In 2014 the Nordic Council of Ministers initiated a new bioeconomy project: “Test centers for green energy solutions – Biorefineries and Business needs”. The purpose was to strengthen green growth in the area of the bioeconomy by analyzing and mapping the current status of the bioeconomy in the Nordic countries and identify potentials and obstacles, needs and opportunities. Based on this a set of
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is described as a tool of the innate host defence to fight against invading pathogens. Fibre-like DNA structures associated with proteins such as histones, cell-specific enzymes and antimicrobial peptides are released, thereby entrapping invading pathogens. It has been reported that several bacteria are able to degrade NETs by nucleases and thus evade
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis and fracture risk are considered to be under genetic control. Extensive work is being performed to identify the exact genetic variants that determine this risk. Previous work has suggested that a G/T polymorphism affecting an Sp1 binding site in the COLIA1 gene is a genetic marker for low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fracture, but there have been no very-lar
Osteoporosis is a common disease with a strong genetic component, characterized by reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Although the genetic basis of osteoporosis is incompletely understood, previous studies have identified a polymorphism affecting an Sp1 binding site in the COLIA1 gene that predicts bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures in several populations. Here
