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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis, and its biologically active metabolite, 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3), has pleiotropic immune effects. The mechanisms by which 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 protects against tuberculosis are incompletely understood. 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 reduced the growth of mycobacteria in infected human PBMC cultures in a dos
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det samlade temat för de sju artiklarna i denna avhandling är att se på hur modern national-ekonomiska teori, som behandlar problem rela-terade till förekomsten av asymmetrisk infor-mation, kan användas för att studera insatser för åstadkomma bättre hälsa. Artiklarna rör dels vård på sjukhus,dels produktionen av läkemedel. För sjukhusen handlar det om hur man via olika The common theme of this thesis is the analysis of asymmetric information when applied to the market for health care production. The thesis consists of six more or less independent papers and an introduction to the thesis were purpose and methodology are stated (part one). Part two is an investigation into the pricing of pharmaceuticals in Sweden. This chapter deals with issues such as cost sharin
BACKGROUND The Medtronic EnPulse (TM) pacemaker incorporates the new atrial capture management (ACM) algorithm to automatically measure atrial capture thresholds and subsequently manage atrial pacing outputs. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of ACM. METHODS Two hundred patients with an indication for a dual-chamber pacemaker underwent implantation. ACM
Among 4380 children born in 1987-1997 of women with a diagnosis of diabetes and alive at the age of one, 10 were registered in the Swedish Cancer Registry before the end of 1998. The odds ratio for having a childhood cancer after maternal diabetes, stratified for year of birth, maternal age, parity, multiple birth, and 500 g birth weight class was 2.25 (95%CI 1.22-4.15). Among 5842 children born d
The dinuclear species [(trispicMeen)(ClFeOFeCl)-O-III-Cl-III(trispicMeen)]Cl(OH)(H2O)(7) (1) (trispicMeen = N,N,N'-tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N'-methylethane- 1,2-diamine) was synthesized. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 33.87(2) Angstrom, b = 17.42(2) Angstrom, c = 23.41(5) Angstrom, beta = 132.88(5)degrees, V = 10 121(25) Angstrom(3), and Z = 8. It contains an almost line
While the enormous clinical and psychosocial importance of pruritus in many areas of medicine and the detrimental effects of chronic 'itch' on the quality of life of an affected individual are widely appreciated, the complexity of this sensation is still often grossly underestimated. The current Controversies feature highlights this complexity by portraying pruritus as a truly interdisciplinary pr
The timing of the commencement of photosynthesis (P-*) in spring is an important determinant of growing-season length and thus of the productivity of boreal forests. Although controlled experiments have shed light on environmental mechanisms triggering release from photoinhibition after winter, quantitative research for trees growing naturally in the field is scarce. In this study, we investigated
A rare collection of serum samples from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection followed up from the onset of clinical symptoms was acquired. RNA corresponding to the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of E2 protein of HCV isolated from nine patients was reverse-transcribed, amplified, sequenced, and HVR1 amino acid sequences were deduced. These sequences and a selection of HVR1 amino acid sequ
The mechanisms by which gestational infections, blood incompatibility, birth weight, mother's age and other prenatal or neonatal events increase the risk for type 1 diabetes are not understood. Studies so far have been retrospective, and there is a lack of population-based prospective studies. The possibility identifying children at type 1 diabetes risk among first-degree relatives has resulted in
The negatively charged contrast agent Gd-DTPA2- distributes inversely to the cartilage fixed charged density. This enables structural cartilage examinations by contrast-enhanced MRI. In line with the development of a clinically applicable protocol for such examinations, this study describes the temporal pattern of Gd-DTPA2- distribution in femoral knee cartilage at three different doses in healthy
A ferrous gel, based on ferrous (Fe) sulphate and agarose, was used with a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner to obtain relative dose distribution data from therapeutic photon and electron beams. The FeMRI gel was scanned using a new MRI acquisition protocol optimized for T1 measurements. Thorough comparisons with silicon semiconductor detector and ionization chamber measurements, a
In 50 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, investigation before initial neck exploration included ultrasonography, computed tomography and 99technetium-201thallium subtraction scintigraphy. The sensitivity for correct preoperative localization was 50%, 54% and 56%, respectively. There was marked inter-observer variation in assessment of ultrasonography and computed tomography, while scintigr
BACKGROUND: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in the Western population, and a considerable proportion of colorectal carcinomas are estimated to have a familial background.METHODS: Individuals whose mothers were diagnosed with colon carcinoma or rectal carcinoma from 1958 to 1993, a total of 1. 48 million person-years, constituted the cohort of this Swedish population-bas
The formation of silicate nanoaggregates (NAs) at the very early stages of precursor sols and zeolite beta crystallization from silicate nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated in detail using a combination of different analysis methods, including liquid-state 29Si, 27Al, 14N, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmissi
Many men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in serum do not have aggressive prostate cancer and undergo unnecessary biopsy. Retrospective studies using cryopreserved serum suggest that four kallikrein markers can predict biopsy outcome.
Background.The currently used patch test concentration for formaldehyde is 1.0% (wt/vol) in water. However, clinical experience and previous studies suggest that 1.0% might be insufficient for detecting an optimized number of clinically relevant cases of contact allergy to formaldehyde. Objectives.To validate earlier patch test results for comparison of 1% (wt/vol) and 2% (wt/vol) formaldehyde in
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, incapacitating metabolic disease associated with chronic macrovascular complications (coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular disorders leading to damage of the kidneys (nephropathy) and eyes (retinopathy). Based on the current trends, the rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide will lead to increased cardiovascular morbid
Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipose tissue, and serum levels are decreased with obesity and insulin resistance. Because prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) can affect insulin sensitivity, we investigated the effects of these hormones on the regulation of adiponectin in human adipose tissue in vitro and in rodents in vivo. Adiponectin secretion was significantly suppressed by PRL and
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory nasal disorder in which a range of different cells participates. A variety of approaches has been used to monitor nasal inflammation objectively to investigate disease processes and to evaluate the effect of therapeutic intervention. These approaches include nasal lavage, nasal cytology, and nasal biopsy, together with the more recently established measurement
Although the association between cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has long been known, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Circulating tissue factor-bearing extracellular vesicles have been proposed as a possible explanation for the increased risk of VTE observed in some types of cancer. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and International Society on Thrombosis an
