Sökresultat

The modelling of biological systems often consists into differential equation models that need to be fitted to experimental data. During this complex process, the practical experience of the biologist and the theoretical abstraction of the modeller require back-and-forth refinements of the model, design of new experiments and inclusion of more data-points into the fitting procedure. Available opti

Historical commons represent self-governed governance regimes that regulate the use and management of natural and man-made shared resources. Despite growing scientific interests, analyses of commons evolution and temporal dynamics are rare and drivers of change (birth, adaptation, dissolution) remain obscure. We apply an interdisciplinary approach and address these issues from an eco-evolutionary

Scholarly journals are often blamed for a gender gap in publication rates, but it is unclear whether peer review and editorial processes contribute to it. This article examines gender bias in peer review with data for 145 journals in various fields of research, including about 1.7 million authors and 740,000 referees. We reconstructed three possible sources of bias, i.e., the editorial selection o

This study examined through an online experiment how pre-election pollsaffect voters. The results revealed that votes for the most popular optionincreased on average by 7% when polls were shared with participants, shiftingaway from both minority options and options with intermediate popularity.This bandwagon effect was consistent across different electoral systems anddifferent political issues. In

We present an analysis of regulatory activities in historical commons offering a unique picture of their long-term institutional dynamics. The analysis took into account almost 3,800 regulatory activities in eighteen European commons in two countries across seven centuries. Despite differences in time and space, we found a shared pattern where an initial, highly-dynamic institutional-definition ph

So far, there has been mixed evidence in the literature regarding the relationship between environmental attitudes and actual ‘green’ actions, something known as the attitude-behavior gap. This raises the question of when attitudes can actually work as a lever to promote environmental objectives, such as climate change mitigation, and, conversely, when other factors would be more effective. This p

We study in a laboratory experiment whether humans prefer to depend on decisions of others (Human-Driven Uncertainty) or states generated by a computer (Computerized Uncertainty). The experimental design introduced in this paper is unique in that it introduces Human-Driven Uncertainty such that it does not derive from a strategic context. In our experiment, Human-Driven Uncertainty derives from de

In order to convince both policy makers and the general public to engage in climate change mitigation activities, it is crucial to communicate the inherent risks in an effective way. Due to the complexity of the system, mitigation activities cannot completely rule out the possibility of the climate reaching a dangerous tipping point but can only reduce it to some unavoidable residual risk level. W

This paper aims to examine the influence of authors’ reputation on editorial bias in scholarly journals. By looking at eight years of editorial decisions in four computer science journals, including 7179 observations on 2913 submissions, we reconstructed author/referee-submission networks. For each submission, we looked at reviewer scores and estimated the reputation of submission authors by means

Effective communication of risks involved in the climate change discussion is crucial and despite ambitious protection policies, the possibility of irreversible consequences actually occurring can only be diminished but never ruled out completely. We present a laboratory experiment that studies how residual risk of failure of climate change policies affects willingness to contribute to such polici

Bubbles are omnipresent in lab experiments with asset markets. Most of these experiments are conducted in environments with only human traders. Since today's markets are substantially determined by algorithmic trading, we use a laboratory experiment to measure how human trading depends on the expected presence of algorithmic traders. We find that bubbles are clearly smaller when human traders expe

In social dilemmas punishment costs resources, not just from the one who is punished but often also from the punisher and society. Reciprocity on the other side is known to lead to cooperation without the costs of punishment. The questions at hand are whether punishment brings advantages besides its costs, and how its negative side-effects can be reduced to a minimum in an environment populated by

A uniform approach to investigate the transmission of vibrations in the vicinity of a harmonic strip vertical load, acting on a arbitrary depth viscoelastic layer overlying a rigid foundation, is investigated. Using a semi-analytic approach a well–conditioned solution involves utilizing a projection-method based on the transformed equations with respect to the vertical space variables. By re-arran

In the context of range-independent solid media, we propose a well-conditioned dynamic stiffness matrix for an elastic layer sitting over an elastic half-space. This formulation overcomes the well-known problem of numerical ill-conditioning when solving the system of equations for deep-layered strata. The methodology involves the exact solutions of transformed ordinary differential equations in th

In the literature, expressions can be found for the mode shape functions of uniform Euler-Bernoulli beams. However, these expressions permit the evaluation of only the first 12 modes or so due to numerical issues associated with the evaluation of near field waves that increase exponentially with frequency. To overcome this problem, approximate expressions have been developed that avoid the evaluat

This paper describes an original numerical prediction technique developed for the analysis of coupled vibro-acoustic problems in fluid waveguides. Specifically it is a wave-based method that adopts a spectral element approach. Unlike the conventional element-based methods, this technique uses wave functions that satisfy the governing equations to describe the dynamic variables exactly. One advanta

Balancing a rotating machine is a vital step towards ensuring it will operate reliably and safely. To achieve this condition monitoring is an important aspect for early faulty detection and it can also result in the improvement of the operational continuity and equipment safety. Imbalance itself, is a common problem in rotating machinery and it can lead to poor or even dangerous vibration levels.

This article presents an innovative application of the frequency domain decomposition method based on an acoustic and vibration response. Frequency domain decomposition method has been frequently used for operational modal analysis testing in the last decade to identify modal parameters for in-situ case studies. For these studies, the outputs of the vibration response through accelerometers have b