Socioeconomic differences in adult mortality are found consistently in high-income countries today. Previous studies have shown that there were, in contrast, no such differences before the twentieth century. The importance of infectious diseases as causes of death and lack of knowledge on how to prevent or cure diseases have been suggested as explanations for this. We investigate the differences i

Intentional vocabulary learning through tasks with an explicit vocabulary focus is essential for L2 learning (e.g., Laufer, 2005; Nation, 2007, 2022; Schmitt & Schmitt, 2020). Yet, research suggests that in EFL classrooms in Sweden, there tends to be a reliance on incidental learning of vocabulary rather than intentional learning (D. Bergström, 2023). Studies(Eriksson, 2023; Warnby, 2023) also

We investigate the behaviors used by households to economize on their spending on food using data from a budget survey of urban households in sweden in 1913-1914. Higher-income households bought higher quality varieties of both luxury and staple foods. But changing the composition of the diet was a much more important way to adjust spending on food than changing the quality of the foods bought. Hi

This dissertation consists of an introduction, four research papers and one paper describing the data I collected for the studies and how I conducted the study. I collected information on men from conscript inspection lists and linked this to a sample of men in the Scanian Economic Demographic Database (SEDD) born between 1797 and 1950. The four research papers analyze influences on height and wei

Idag är det vanligt att ungdomar flyttar hemifrån efter gymnasiet för att studera vidare eller förvärvsarbeta. I samband med det etablerar de ett eget hushåll eller delar hushåll med kamrater eller en sambo. Flytten från barndomshemmet innebär ökat oberoende av föräldrarna och ekonomisk självständighet. Blickar vi bakåt i historien på hur frigörelsen från föräldrarna och inträdet i vuxendomen har

Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka användningen av naturrättsligt språkbruk i de danska agrarreformerna, cirka 1750-1800. Detta görs genom en social kontextualisering som fokuserar på de sprickor som fanns i det danska samhället före och under reformperioden. Jag hävdar att dessa huvudsakligen utgjordes av interna materiella skillnader inom den danska jordägande eliten, inklusive deras oPopular science description The agrarian reforms of the 18th century were some of the most momentous historical events in Danish history. In the span of 30 years, half of all peasants went from living in a state of serfdom to owning and cultivating their own plots of land, free from the onerous ties of manorial dependence that they had toiled under for hundreds of years. In this pioneering dissert

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) uses water as contrast and enables the study of perfusion in many organs simultaneously in situ. We used DW-MRI in a hypodynamic sepsis model, comparing abdominal organ perfusion with global hemodynamic measurements and inflammation. Sixteen anesthetized piglets were randomized into 3 groups: 2 intervention (sepsis) groups: HighMAP (mean arter

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV), compared to spontaneous breathing (SB), has been found to increase abdominal edema and inflammation in experimental sepsis. Our hypothesis was that in primary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) MV would enhance inflammation and edema in the abdomen.Methods: Thirteen piglets were randomized into two groups (SB and MV) after the induction of ARDS by l

BackgroundInterventions, such as mechanical ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), increase inflammation in abdominal organs. This effect could be due to reduced venous return and impaired splanchnic perfusion, or intestinal edema by reduced lymphatic drainage. However, it is not clear whether abdominal edema per se leads to increased intestinal inflammation when perfusion

Introduction: The presented study aimed to investigate whether a mechanical chest compression piston device with a suction cup assisting chest recoil could impact the hemodynamic status when compared to a bare piston during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods: 16 piglets were anesthetized and randomized into 2 groups. After 3 minutes of induced ventricular fibrillation, a LUCAS 3 device was used

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) technique probing the microscopic movement of water molecules in tissue, allows for the quantification of water diffusivity and the contribution of perfusion to the total amount of water. In the last decades, its use in organs other than the brain has increased and it has successfully been applied to abdominal organs; otherwise the use of DWI

BackgroundVentilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has long been a part of the standard treatment during cardiac arrests. Ventilation is usually given either during continuous chest compressions (CCC) or during a short pause after every 30 chest compressions (30:2). There is limited knowledge of how ventilation is delivered if it effects the hemodynamics and if it plays a role in the

BACKGROUND: One in four patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) also has other body district injuries (OBD). The impact of OBD on mortality and disability is debated. This study compared outcomes of TBI patients with polytrauma (p-TBI) versus isolated TBI (alone-TBI) and identified outcome determinants, focusing on survival time and prognosis.METHODS: This single-center, retr

Gaining access to interviewees when carrying out qualitative research is a time-consuming, challenging undertaking. When face to face with gatekeepers, the work of convincing them to share their contacts and knowledge is not over, particularly when the research involves antagonistic groups and the researcher’s positionality can be scrutinized in relation to that. In this article, based on my field

Gibson asks: how do we undo the harms of this participatory turn? How can we acknowledge that the material never fully accounts for the immaterial? How do we avoid becoming ants that need to spatialize and make visible everything they research? In this piece, I argue that some of these issues can be mediated and mitigated by entering the field with a feminist epistemological stance. I provide thre