Macroscopic phase separation in covalent sodium polyacrylate (PA) networks following the absorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloride (CTAB/C) from aqueous solutions is studied experimentally and theoretically. The gels are shown to consist of a solvent-swollen polyelectrolyte network (core), surrounded by a dense surface phase (skin) of polyion/surfactant complexes. The effect of core sw

Papaya proteinase IV (PPIV) is not inhibited by chicken cystatin, or human cystatins A or C, unlike most other proteinases of the papain superfamily. The enzyme inactivates chicken cystatin and human cystatin C by limited proteolysis of the glycyl bond previously shown to be involved in the inhibitory inactivity of the cystatins, but has no action on cystatin A. Contamination of commercial crystal

Sixty-four adult patients operated on for isolated cleft palate were evaluated with regard to facial skeletal morphology using conventional radio-cephalometry. Dental occlusion was assessed clinically. Forty-two had had a von Langenbeck repair at the age of 7 months and 22 a Wardill repair at 18 months. The mean error of the method was 0.7 degree for angular, and 0.9 mm for linear, measurements. T

This study highlights school nurses' view of schoolchildren's health and their attitude to document it in the school health records. A strategic sample of 12 school nurses was interviewed. The interviews were semistructured and analysed with qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that the school nurses' viewed schoolchildren as physical healthy although they called attention to growing

Software process improvement involves evaluation of process change proposals, and it is important to evaluate changes as early as possible. A process impact analysis method for interview based evaluation of change proposals is presented. It is based on the subjective opinions of people in the organisation, and it is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the impact on sub-processes is est

The mechanism of templated synthesis of ordered mesoporous alumina according to the recipe proposed by Yada et al. (Yada, M.; Machida, M.; Kijima, T. Chem. Commun. 1996, 769) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as template, has been investigated by NMR self-diffusion and spin and fluorescence probe techniques. In the precursor solutions urea was found to produce a substantial shortening of the long

The enzymatic depolymerization of the pectic substance polygalacturonic acid (PGA) is studied in batch reactor. The number-average molecular weight of native substrate is estimated, using a simple and quick technique, to be approximately 11.1 kDa, the polymeric chains consisting on average of 63 galacturonic acid units. The effect of enzyme concentration was studied varying biocatalyst loading fro

Greyerz varnar för dogmatism (att kalla förfädernas religionsutövning irrationell eller vidskeplig) och reduktionism (Marx, Durkheim). Kulturella förlopp är förbundna med sociala, men kan inte reduceras till sådana. Boken behandlar äktenskap och familj, folkreligiositet som kollektiv ritual och förhållandet till de utstötta (judar, häxor), samt även vederdöpare, baptister, kväkare och radikalpieti

The Swedish epistemic auxiliary "verka" 'seem to' has developed since the end of the 19th century from an active causative meaning 'have the effect', 'cause'. Its use with a main verb in the infinitive has increased in the latter half of the 20th century. The deveolpment is studied as a case of grammaticalization.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur tvångsvård av alkoholmissbrukare upplevs av den som döms till det. Majoriteten av dessa personer är negativa till tvångsvård. I studien har också tagits hänsyn till att resultaten ses utifrån ett bredare perspektiv. Det som också undersökts är alkoholmissbruk generellt, varför klienterna dricker i den utsträckning de gör samThe aim of this study was to investigate how compulsary treatment of alcohol abuse is experienced by persons forced to submit to it, the majority of whom are negative in their attitude toward treatment of this sort. The importance of considering the resluts obtained not in isolation but within a larger context is emphasized. Among the elements of this context examined are alcohol abuse generally,

Aquaporins are water channel proteins belonging to the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily of membrane proteins. More than 150 MIPs have been identified in organisms ranging from bacteria to animals and plants. In plants, aquaporins are present in the plasma membrane and in the vacuolar membrane where they are abundant constituents. Functional studies of aquaporins have hitherto mainly been

BACKGROUND: Gastrectomy (Gx) causes osteopenia. The hypothesis tested in the present study is that Gx affects Ca homeostasis and that an impaired ability to handle Ca contributes to the Gx-evoked osteopenia. METHODS: SHAM-operated and Gx rats were compared with respect to changes in blood Ca2+ after oral or intravenous loads of CaCl2 1-2 weeks or 2-4 months after the operations. RESULTS: Different

Membrane assisted extraction facilitates the integration of classical liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) chemistry to automated instrumental analysis. Various shortcomings of classical LLE are overcome by the membrane separation of sample (donor) and extract (acceptor): 1) reduced solvent usage, 2) higher enrichment factors, 3) no solvent evaporation and 4) no formation of emulsions. Membrane extracti