Tissue damage is usually regarded as a necessary price to pay for successful elimination of pathogens by the innate immune defense. Yet, it is possible to distinguish protective from destructive effects of innate immune activation and selectively attenuate molecular nodes that create pathology. Here, we identify acute cystitis as an Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-driven, hyper-inflammatory condition o

Limited data are available about the role of the serotonin 2B (5-HT2B) receptor in the function of human islets. This study aimed to test whether the 5-HT2B receptor contributes to glucose, insulin, and glucagon homeostasis in humans, utilizing a hereditary loss-of-function gene mutation in the receptor, which causes a 50% reduction in the production of the receptor protein in heterozygotes. This

Cone-rod degeneration (CRD) belongs to the disease spectrum of retinal degenerations, a group of hereditary disorders characterized by an extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity. It mainly differentiates from other retinal dystrophies, and in particular from the more frequent disease retinitis pigmentosa, because cone photoreceptors degenerate at a higher rate than rod photoreceptors, causing s

N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic (NT-proBNP) is expressed in the heart and brain, and serum levels are elevated in acute heart and brain diseases. We aimed to assess the possible association between serum levels and neurological outcome and death in comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Of the 939 comatose OHCA patients enrolled and randomized in the Targeted

This article explores the socio-environmental implications of two different value models currently competing for dominance in the digital economy: the neo-feudal cognitive capitalism (NFCC) and the hypothetical case of mature peer production (HMPP). Using a systematisation that considers environmental effects of information and communication technologies as direct, indirect and structural, this ar

Ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics of matter govern rate and selectivity of chemical reactions, as well as phase transitions and efficient switching in functional materials. Since x-rays determine electronic and structural properties with elemental, chemical, orbital and magnetic selectivity, short pulse x-ray sources have become central enablers of ultrafast science. Despite of these st

Allt fler personer reser allt längre sträckor för att ta sig till och från jobbet. En starkt bidragande orsak till detta är en strävan att öka den ekonomiska tillväxten genom att göra arbetskraften tillgänglig över allt större geografiska områden. I Sverige har både pendlingstid och avstånd stadigt ökat under de senaste decennierna och idag tillbringar den genomsnittliga pendlaren mer än en timme Allt fler personer reser allt längre sträckor för att ta sig till och från jobbet. En starkt bidragande orsak till detta är en strävan att öka den ekonomiska tillväxten genom att göra arbetskraften tillgänglig över allt större geografiska områden. I Sverige har både pendlingstid och avstånd stadigt ökat under de senaste decennierna och idag tillbringar den genomsnittliga pendlaren mer än en timme

One important motivation for people behaving prosocially is that they want to avoid negative and obtain positive emotions. In the prosocial behavior literature however, the motivations to avoid negative emotions (e.g., guilt) and to approach positive emotions (e.g., warm glow) are rarely separated, and sometimes even aggregated into a single mood-management construct. The aim of this study was to

Classical sum rules, that connect the dynamic scattering properties at all frequencies to the static polarizability, can be shown to break down when applied to circular polarization. This has previously been explained in terms of a breach of symmetry with respect to positive and negative frequencies. In this paper, we show an alternative explanation where circular polarization is introduced by usi

Att ha motiverande och engagerande föreläsningar är värdefulla för studenterna. Men inte alla lärare är försedd med en stark och karismatisk personlighet. Detta papper visar möjligheten att använda metoder som undervisas i skådespelarkonstutbildning som ett sätt att kunna nå fram till ens egna åskådare – studenterna – utan karisma. I teaterutbildning förlitar man inte sig på talang eller karisma u

Daniel Cunha misreads us as suggesting that climate change has been a conscious and deliberate strategy of a global elite. This was very clearly not our suggestion. He proposes that the Marxian concept of fetishism is applicable to anthropogenic climate change, apparently unaware of our recurrent use of precisely this concept in a number of publications over the past decades. We thus fundamentally

This paper discusses some of the main issues of efficient analysis of electrically very large endfire arrays, and further proposes approaches for developing flexible simulation tools for this particular purpose. Some initial results supporting the endfire array design issue are presented, as well as some preliminary examples of implemented compression- and acceleration methods.

Q-factors are often used to quantify bandwidth performance of resonant structures. The Q-factor is defined as the quotient between the stored and dissipated energies. The time average dissipated energy is reformulated in the dissipated power and is well defined. The definition and evaluation of the stored energy is much more challenging and there are presently several proposals but none is applica

Physical bounds for antennas above ground planes are calculated by optimizing the antenna current. The bounds are compared with antennas modeled as fragmented patches and optimized using genetic algorithms. Monopole structures over ground planes are modeled with image theory and optimized. The monopole over ground plane structure simplifies experimental verification of the bounds.

This paper presents the use of the T-matrix method for a collection of scatterers for validation purposes of large-scale numerical electromagnetic scattering problems. In order to validate the simulation results for large geometries the T-matrix solution for a collection of spheres and disks can be used. Scattering results using the T-matrix method, FDTD and MoM are compared. The results show that

A range of interesting electromagnetic systems like antennas, extraordinary transmission and absorbers have been shown to have certain bandwidth limitations given by a family of sum-rules. Common for the systems are that they are passive, linear and time-translational invariant. In this paper we shortly review the extension from one-dimensional passive systems to multi-dimensional systems, aiming

Oxygen is known to play an important role in the multiferroicity of rare earth manganites; however, how this role changes with rare earth elements is still not fully understood. To address this question, we have used resonant soft x-ray scattering spectroscopy to study the F-type (0,τ,0) diffraction peak from the antiferromagnetic order in DyMnO3 and TbMnO3. We focus on the measurements at O K edg

A windowless silicon (Si) diode (4 mm2) was evaluated as alpha particle detector and spectrometer for field measurements. It was irradiated with alpha particles from a 241Am (2.3 kBq) and a 210Po (9 kBq) source at source-detector distances (SDD) of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.8 cm. The energy resolution in terms of full width at half maximum was 281, 148 and 113 keV for SDD of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.8 cm, respectively