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A newly developed pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) system for measuring atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations at high temporal resolution (25 Hz) was used to successfully conduct the first eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements of GEM. GEM is the main gaseous atmospheric form, and quantification of bidirectional exchange between the Earth’s surface and the atmospher
Despite the controversies that surround the introduction of the third generation (3G) mobile telecommunication systems, the massive investment by industry and the constant demand for new technology and services are expected to usher in its eventual success. WCDMA is a dominant standard in the 3G system designed to succede the highly successful GSM standard. A new technology proposed for WCDMA is a
The Western Boreal Plain of north‐central Alberta is prone to water‐deficit conditions and is hydrologically sensitive to changes in climate, natural resource extraction and disturbance. Accurate measurement and modelling of the main components of the water balance are important for ecosystem and reclamation management; however, the lack of hydro‐meteorological instrumentation found within differe
The Davies transformation is a method to transform the steering vector of a uniform circular array (UCA) to a vector with Vandermonde form. As this form is similar to that of the steering vector of a uniform linear array (ULA), we can apply to UCAs the many tools that have been developed for ULAs. However, the Davies transformation can be highly sensitive to perturbations of the underlying ideal a
Fetuin-A, a hepatic-origin protein, is strongly positively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in human observational studies, but it is unknown whether this association is causal. We aimed to study the potential causal relation of circulating fetuin-A to risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mendelian randomization study with single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the fetuin-A–encoding AHSG gene.
The Davies transformation is a method to transform the steering vector of a uniform circular array to another vector with Vandermonde form. However, this transformation can be highly sensitive to perturbations of the underlying ideal array model. In this paper, we describe a method for deriving a more robust transformation using optimisation techniques. The effectiveness of the method is illustrat
BACKGROUND:Identification and characterization of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics due to mutations in penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) is a clinical challenge. We analyzed a blood isolate, NTHi93-57485, that was categorized as aminopenicillin resistant but lacked key amino acid substitutions in PBP3 that have previously been associa
The spatial and spectral filtering characteristics of a microphone array can be greatly enhanced through the use of an appropriately designed spatial/spectral filter. In this paper, we consider the design of optimum, in the minimax sense, spatial/spectral filters. The optimum minimax design problem is solved using the new efficient computational technique of Jiang et al. Numerical results demonstr
Purpose: We examined if data-driven food-patterns associate with weight change, incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary events (CE) and stroke. Methods: The study included 20,487 individuals (61% women) from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, 45–74 years, without diabetes and CVD at baseline (1991–1996) and who did not report dietary changes. Diet was measured with a modified diet history meth
This paper treats development and research at the regulatory control layer in process control. It is noticed that very little attention is payed to this subject, with the exception PID controller tuning. The reason for this is discussed. Two examples of recent advances in the field treating feedforward control and ratio control, respectively, are presented. A goal of the paper is to point out the
In the present study, we characterize the binding of divalent cations to insulin in aqueous salt solutions by means of capillary electrophoresis and molecular dynamics simulations. The results show a strong pH dependence. At low pH, at which all the carboxylate groups are protonated and the protein has an overall positive charge, all the cations exhibit only weak and rather unspecific interactions
Human exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields should not exceed the exposure limits set by the relevant regulatory guidelines. In this paper, we provide approaches to determine upper bounds of maximum exposure from multiple antennas. When the total transmitted power is fixed, the maximum exposure can be determined by an eigenvalue decomposition. If an individual antenna has additio
Feedforward control schemes to compensate for disturbances are very well known in process control. In those control approaches, PID controllers are usually considered in the feedback loop, where nominal design for both feedback and feedforward controllers are commonly performed. This paper presents a robustness analysis to study how uncertainties can affect the classical feedforward control scheme
Timescale uncertainties between paleoclimate reconstructions often inhibit studying the exact timing, spatial expression and driving mechanisms of climate variations. Detecting and aligning the globally common cosmogenic radionuclide production signal via a curve fitting method provides a tool for the quasi-continuous synchronization of paleoclimate archives. In this study, we apply this approach
This paper proposes a simple and improved approach of estimating MIMO capacity from antenna magnitude patterns, i.e., the antenna patterns are phaseless. The simple approach synthesizes the phases according to the antenna spacing, and it compares favorably with an existing approach based on random phase synthesis. Moreover, the simple approach can be improved by taking into account the correlation
We discuss in this paper the relevance of the territorial scalar approach in the analysis of biodiversity conservation and natural resource exploitation. We do this by using an empirical case study focused on the use of the forest ecosystems by diverse stakeholders in Korup region, South West Cameroon.Our aim is to contextualize biodiversity conservation in Korup National Park in a larger territor
The effective use of multiple antenna systems in compact terminal devices is plagued by the problems of mutual coupling and spatial correlation. Consequently, increasing the number of antennas per unit volume results in rapidly diminishing returns after an upper limit is reached. We review recent advances on this topic of closely coupled antennas, including several existing techniques that may be
Background: Controversy exists as to the health effects of exposure to asphalt and crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt, which contains recycled rubber tyres. Objective: To assess exposures and effects on airway symptoms, lung function and inflammation biomarkers in conventional and CRM asphalt road pavers. Methods: 116 conventional asphalt workers, 51 CRM asphalt workers and 100 controls were inve
In the last century, starch present in foods was considered to be completely digested. However, during the 1980s, studies on starch digestion started to show that besides digestible starch, which could be rapidly ors lowly hydrolysed, there was a variable fraction that resisted hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. That fraction was named resistant starch (RS )and it encompasses those forms of starch t
Background: Perioperative complications can affect outcomes after gastrectomy for cancer, with high mortality and morbidity rates ranging between 10 and 40%. The absence of a standardized system for recording complications generates wide variation in evaluating their impacts on outcomes and hinders proposals of quality-improvement projects. The aim of this study was to provide a list of defined ga
