Models for materials with nonlinear electromagnetic response are examined. Three simple physical causes for nonlinear behavior are presented: electronic polarization, molecular direction and electrostriction. Some introductory results and approximations for nonlinear, dispersive media are given, such as the phase-matching criterion, Miller's rule, the Born approximation and the slowly varying ampl

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING IMMUNFÖRSVARET OCH KOMPLEMENTSYSTEMET Till skydd mot infektioner har människan sitt immunförsvar. Här ingår till exempel vita blodkroppar och en mängd olika proteiner. En viktig grupp av proteiner kallas för komplementsystemet, vilket består av ca 30 proteiner som kan angripa bakterier och andra oönskade partiklar och delta i för-störThe ability of many pathogenic microorganisms to cause infection is dependent on their ability to evade attack by the complement system of the host. One mechanism by which microorganisms may avoid complement attack is to bind complement inhibitory molecules present in the host. This thesis describes studies of the complement inhibitor C4BP and of inter-actions between C4BP and the human pathogen

Hard X-rays are generated by focusing 110 fs laser pulses with intensities of about 1017 W·cm-2 onto solid metal targets. Characteristic properties of this X-ray source are the small source size, the short pulse duration and the high peak flux. The aim of the present work was to characterise this X-ray source and to demonstrate possible applications. A comparison with other X-ray sources and conve

In all calculations done in this thesis, the evaluation of higher order quantum corrections has been central. In the first paper included in this thesis we have investigated the effects of finite volume meson propagators for quark-antiquark vacuum expectation value at two-loop level. In the second paper we have improved the earlier calculations for the eta decay to three pions by implementing two-

Vem ska ta hand om oss när vi blir gamla? Hur ska vi ha råd att ge vård och omsorg till den växande gruppen äldre människor i vårt samhälle? Vi läser nästan dagligen om ekonomiska nedskärningar inom äldremsorgen och om vilka effekter detta får för de äldre. Vi undrar vem som ska ha tid att ta hand om de gamla i framtiden och om det kommer att finnas tillräckligt med resurser i äldreomsorgen när vi

Subsidiarity was one important issue in the snuff discussion within the Community during the first years of the 90s. The purpose was to allow Swedes to continue their age-old habit of putting moist tobacco under the upper lip.6 The snuff debate touched upon Community concepts which will again be of relevance in the lGC 1996. The legality, subsidiarity and proportionality principles were all referr