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Time- or frequency-dependent (“restricted”) diffusion potentially provides useful information about cellular-scale structures in the brain but is challenging to interpret because of intravoxel tissue heterogeneity. Multidimensional diffusion–relaxation correlation MRI with tensor-valued diffusion encoding enables characterization of intravoxel heterogeneity in terms of nonparametric distributions
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN became operational in 2009 and has since then produced a plethora of physics results from proton–proton (pp) collisions. This short review covers results that relate to soft quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with a focus on nondiffractive physics at midrapidity. Most of the presented results are based on transverse momentum spectra and related derived observables
Introduction The WHO has declared climate change the defining public health challenge of the 21st century. Incorporating climate and environmental outcomes in randomised trials is essential for enhancing healthcare treatments’ sustainability and safeguarding global health. To implement such outcomes, it is necessary to establish a framework for unbiased and transparent planning and reporting. We a
Entanglement has the ability to enhance the transmission of classical information over a quantum channel. However, fully harvesting this advantage typically requires complex entangling measurements, which are challenging to implement and scale with the system's size. In this Letter, we consider a natural quantum information primitive known as a random access code in which the message to be communi
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has risen sharply over the past 30 years, coinciding with the rapidly growing tattoo trend. In Sweden, 20% of the population is tattooed. Repeated reports of the presence of carcinogenic chemicals, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and heavy metals in tattoo ink justifies the investigation of CM risk in relation to tattooing. We aimed to in
Photoelectron angular distributions are reported for a series of aqueous potassium carboxylate solutions, ranging from bulk-solvated to strongly surface-active species. The quantitative information determined from this work demonstrates how the measured photoelectron angular distributions are influenced by the ions’ increasing propensity for the surface in aqueous solutions. Our study provides ins
BACKGROUND Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer among high-risk persons. Observational studies suggest that aspirin may also improve disease-free survival after diagnosis, particularly among patients with tumors harboring somatic PIK3CA mutations. However, data from randomized trials are lacking. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controll
single-channel video. 6 min 30 secOften focusing on stories of the supernatural, the transcendent, and the psychedelic, Joachim Koester’s deeply researched work explores the real and imagined limits ofthe human body and mind. Through documentary films, photographic series, and books, he reintroduces repressed histories into the collective memory.Tarantism is a condition resulting from the bite of
The Hunga Tonga eruption on 15 January 2022 (HT-22) induced vigorous volcano–sea interaction. Here we study the stratospheric aerosol and water vapor resulting from the eruption using satellite-based instruments: the CALIOP lidar and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). We investigate the stratospheric relative humidity following the record-breaking water vapor injections from the HT-22 eruption and
Within-sex phenotypic variation can arise through co-option of sexual differentiation mechanisms. Recently, several such cross-sexual-transfer traits have been identified, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of their geographic variation, environmental influences, and phenotypic integration with other traits. Male Polyommatus icarus butterflies are blue, whereas female wing coloration varies f
This chapter presents life cycle assessment (LCA) and its current and potential use as a tool of governance. LCA is considered as providing governance input in three different dimensions: (1) as results; (2) as a method; and (3) as a mindset. Life cycle approaches are increasingly informing policymaking and legislation, either as an abstract idea such as “the circular economy” or as calculation ru
In the post-World War II era, international lawyers have occupied the front seat in the study of international organisations (IOs). During the past decade, this disciplinary hierarchy has grown to feel increasingly unsatisfying. This chapter offers an anthropological take on the study of IOs building both on the past decade of anthropological work and my ethnography at the UN Human Rights Committe
BACKGROUND: GP recruitment and retention difficulties challenge the traditional general practice model. Task-shifting and relieving GPs from financial risk have been suggested to make primary care more attractive. In Sweden's multiprofessional team-based primary care system, GPs usually work as salaried employees and there is extensive task-shifting. Salaried employment facilitates mobility, poten
Located in one of the world’s most arid regions and heavily reliant on food imports, Qatar’s food system faces significant vulnerabilities due to climate-induced impacts and resource constraints. This chapter adopts a mixed-methods approach to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on food system challenges and pathways for transformation toward greater climate resilience. First, we qualitatively anal
BackgroundDepression in older adults poses significant health challenges, yet the protective role of positive affect remains understudied. This research examined the complex network of positive affect and depression in older adults using advanced network analysis techniques to identify potential targets for intervention.MethodsBayesian Gaussian Graphical Models and Directed Acyclic Graph modelling
BackgroundObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) often emerge during childhood and adolescence, and two aetiological models have been proposed. According to the first model, maladaptive cognitive beliefs facilitate the transformation of transient intrusive thoughts into OCS. The second model suggests that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs develop in response to increased levels of OCS. Few studies have
Sverige står inför växande behov av investeringar i olika slags infrastruktur samtidigt som många andra utgiftsområden förväntas öka. Offentlig-privat samverkan (OPS) kan vara ett värdefullt komplement till traditionellt utförande eftersom den skapar starkare incitament för effektivitet, livscykeltänkande och innovation. Den här rapporten sammanfattar internationell forskning på området och konsta
Background There is limited knowledge on whether prior knee surgery impacts the clinical profile and treatment outcomes for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives The study aimed to (i) compare individual and clinical characteristics, and (ii) evaluate whether outcomes of first-line treatment differ between individuals with prior knee surgery and those without. Methods This study us
