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Sweden has seen a rise of shootings and bombings, investigations of these crimes has shown that a sizable amount has been organised through Crime as a Service (CaaS), where serious violence is outsourced to relatively unconnected actors via anonymised and encrypted communication. Using a qualitative study design this thesis examines four Swedish court judgements involving CaaS and serious violence
Abstract Title: Opportunities and Challenges of Establishing a Startup in Portugal Swedish Startup’s Perceptions of the Business Climate in Lisbon Seminar date: 28th of May 2025 Authors: Vendela Eriksson Supervisor: Tobias Karlsson Keywords: Business climate, business ecosystem, Lisbon, startup, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges and o
This paper conducts an analysis of peace agreements that constituted an end to civil conflict, with a specific focus on consociational conflict management in divides societies. Drawing on Arend Lijphart’s theory of consociationalism, and Anna Jastad’s two dimensions (inclusion and decentralization), this study employs a qualitative comparative text analysis of three peace agreements. These are the
When Sweden entered NATO in 2024, 200 years of alliance-freedom was upheaved. Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty states that an attack on any of the allied states is to be considered an attack against them all, which means that Swedish soldiers may be deployed in combat on foreign soil. Given that the Swedish Armed Forces have previously only been concerned with protecting their own borders, t
The Hamas terrorist attack on October 7th 2023 constituted an event with great impact on both Israel and the Middle East, and much focus has been given to its effects in terms of the war in Gaza. Simultaneously, settlements in the West Bank have risen to unprecedented levels, and have increasingly been given explicit governmental support. Furthermore, official Israeli sovereignty over the West Ban
The Arctic Council has long been portrayed as an arena for stable and depoliticized cooperation, often referred to as exemplifying the idea of Arctic exceptionalism. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and the following pause in cooperation, did however raise questions about the resilience of the cooperation in the council. This paper presents a discourse analysis of ministerial meeti
The peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the most extensive and complex missions ever carried out by the United Nations. Amongst the operational adaptation, one challenge has remained consistent; the crisis of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) committed by UN peacekeepers against the very civilians they are mandated to protect. This essay aims to explain how t
Den här studien undersöker i vilken utsträckning som Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition (NIWC) bidrog till att göra genus centralt i fredsprocessen i Nordirland under slutet av 1990-talet, samt hur teorin gender centrality av Fionnuala Ní Aoláin kan interpreta fallet. Utgångspunkten i studien är kvinnors historiska exkludering från den Nordirländska politiken och NIWC:s unika roll som kvinnor i fr
The Concept Soft Power was coined toward the end of the Cold War in order to explain the power of attraction, as opposed to coercion. Through the lens of Soft Power, the Beatles and Coca-Cola may be as important as tanks and sanctions in achieving foreign policy goals. Generally, periods in history when the United States cooperates with its allies and prioritises diplomacy over unilateral military
This thesis examines how Qatar has strategically employed cultural soft power to position itself as a functional bridge between the Arab world and the West. Despite its autocratic system, Qatar has emerged as a key diplomatic mediator, maintaining relations with both Western states and their regional adversaries. Drawing on Joseph Nye’s theory of soft power and Jaroslaw Jura’s model of recipient r
I den här studien undersöker vi hur svensk journalistik framställer och ramar in tradwife-fenomenet, samt vilka normer kring kvinnoideal och könsroller som finns. Studien syftar även till att analysera hur medier balanserar mellan kritik och idealisering av kvinnans roll, och på så sätt synliggöra vilka värderingar, normer och ideal kring kvinnlighet och moderskap som reproduceras i journalistiken
Isolating fragile and heterogeneous cell populations from complex tissues remains a core challenge in biomedical research. In the bone marrow (BM), bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are key regulators of hematopoiesis and metabolism, yet their large size, fragility, and lack of specific surface markers have hindered their isolation using conventional methods such as fluorescence-activated cell sortin
The emergence of alternative actors in peacebuilding has raised questions about the legitimacy of the United Nations in contemporary peacebuilding. This essay examines: Did the emergence of the Astana Process Challenge the Legitimacy of UN Peacebuilding? Drawing on a qualitative discourse analysis, the study analyzes Syria's and France's statements made to the UN Security Council from 2012
During the last couple of years, an explosion in the use of drones during armed conflict has occurred. Drones are said to be game changers that will revolutionize warfare in a broad variety of ways. One such way is evening out power imbalances between asymmetric actors by giving the weaker actor a cheap but potent weapon and access to the sky. This study examines this claim by comparing two non-st
In this essay we examine intelligence cooperation between Finland and Sweden during the time period 1943-1948 to test a proposed theory of intelligence sharing by Brown & Farrington. This theory posits that intelligence sharing will occur if three prerequisites are present, labelled Reason, Route and Record. We use archival material in addition to previous historical research to investigate in
Drawing on securitization theory from the Copenhagen School, this paper examines how Boko Haram and the farmer-herder conflict in Nigeria have been discursively framed by Nigerian political leadership during the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari and Vice-President Yemi Osinbajo (2015–2023). This paper offers a qualitative discourse analysis of public speeches and the words chosen regard
The territorial defeat of the Islamic State (IS) in Iraq in 2019 marked a turning point in the country’s security and political order, foregrounding the challenge of integrating powerful Shia militias into formal politics while preserving state authority and democratic processes. This study examines why some militias have been more successful than others in translating wartime influence into elect
