Fishway construction remains a crucial measure in environmental adaption of flow barriers. A well-functioning fishway should be able to pass all naturally occurring species of fish and other aquatic fauna. A common approach when designing and dimensioning a nature-like fishway is to calculate flows with Manning’s equation but the selection and impact of Manning’s roughness coefficient lacks a robu

Segregation är ett vanligt fenomen som uppstår över hela världen. De negativa konsekvenserna av boendesegregation har visat sig vara många för de som bor i mindre välbärgade stadsdelar. Bland konsekvenserna finns bland annat hälsorelaterade motgångar, men även sämre förutsättningar under skolgången och i det framtida arbetslivet har konstaterats. Sydafrika lämpar sig väl för att studera segregatioSegregation is a common phenomenon arising worldwide. Residential segregation has been shown to have several negative consequences for people living in less wealthy neighbourhoods, such as health-related setbacks and being less likely to cope with school. South Africa is an especially well-suited country to study segregation and methods to counteract it to achieve better integration and more harmo

Detta examensarbete genomfördes i samarbete med AFRY och deras kund Homezan som specialiserar sig på design av möbler producerade i naturmaterial. Bakgrunden till arbetet myntades genom företagets önskan att utöka deras produktsortiment med hallmöbler. Därmed har detta examensarbete fokuserat på att utveckla ett hallmöbelkoncept med fokus på att identifiera företagets målgrupps förvaringsbehov. UtThis Master Thesis project was performed in collaboration with AFRY and their client Homezan, who specializes in home furniture design produced in natural materials. The project scope emerged from the company’s request to expand their product assortment to hall furniture. To solve this request, this Master Thesis project a hall furniture concept have been developed with focus on identifying custom

This thesis considers an investigation into the possibilities of creating a reasonably accurate multiscale material model for paperboard, with geometry based on X-ray scans of small paperboard samples. The modeling takes place in the software Multiscale Designer by Altair Engineering Inc. A representative volume element (RVE) is used to capture the X-ray geometry and represent macroscopic mechanic

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a type of machine learning algorithm with widespread usage. When training an ANN, there is a risk that it gets overtrained and cannot solve the task for new data. Methods to prevent this, such as L2-regularization, introduce hyperparameters that are time-consuming to optimize. In this thesis, I investigate a hypothesis which postulates how the optimal L2-regul

Machine learning, alongside other branches of AI have entered an era of rapid growth in several industries including healthcare, creating vast opportunities to advance several aspects of clinical practice. Specific to clinical decision support, despite the immense potential benefits of incorporating machine learning into clinical decision support systems, also known as machine learning enabled cli

Machine learning and artificial neural networks can be used to classify or detect specific sound events in audio signals. Gunshot detection is one use case for such networks and can be used to help law enforcement by alerting officers or triggering camera recordings. However, artificial neural networks with a high performance usually require large amounts of computational power, meaning that they

Problem description: At Scania in Oskarshamn, there is a phenomenon referred to as external picking. External picking is in the context of this report defined as the process where stock-keeping units, not intended for the main production lines, are picked at one of Scania’s Oskarshamn facilities. These items are intended for various organizations within Scania, but also external business partners.

Mosasaurierna utgör en grupp storvuxna ödlor som dominerade positionen som toppredatorer i haven under sen krittid. Det anses allmänt att dessa marina reptiler, tillsammans med de sista landlevande dinosaurierna, dog ut under det massutdöende som markerar övergången mellan krita och paleogen. Nyligen påträffades en del av ett skalltak tillhörande en mosasaurie i ett löst kalk- och flintblock på enMosasaurs are a group of marine reptiles that are considered to have been the apex predators of the oceans during the Late Cretaceous. It is generally assumed that they, along with the last non-avian dinosaurs, died out during the mass extinction that marks the end of the Cretaceous. Recently, a mosasaur skull roof was discovered in a loose boulder on a beach in the vicinity of the town of Hanstho

Kan simuleringsmodeller förbättra diagnostik av förändringar i höftens anatomi hos barn? Anatomiska förändringar i höftleden kan drabba barn i olika åldrar. En följd av detta kan vara att belastningen i höften ändras, vilket kan öka risken för artros. Att undersöka och behandla förändringar i höftens anatomi hos barn är viktigt för att förhindra komplikationer senare i livet. Höftleden är en viOsteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that will cause pain and stiffness in the joint if not treated. One cause of early osteoarthritis in the hip joint is pediatric hip deformities. Hip deformities can occur in different stages of childhood and cause the bones to be misshapen or the hip joint to be dislocated. This thesis aimed to build subject-specific computer models of the hip joint to fi

Att analysera livets biokemi, kemin bakom biologiska processer, är viktigt för att få en förståelse av livets mekanismer, speciellt för små längdskalor. Biokemin hos olika typer av celler skiljer sig åt, vilket kan användas för att t.ex skilja mellan elakartade och icke-elakartade tumörer. Vilka ämnen som finns i en cell kan bli identifierade via deras respektive absorptionspektrum. Ett absorptionA hyperspectral image may be decomposed into component spectra and their distri- bution in the image to simplify analysis by revealing underlying patterns and reducing the dimensionality of the image; this may be achieved by the algorithm MCR-ALS. However, the algorithm is time consuming, but could be accelerated by a data re- duction. Data reduction can be done by using a clustering method. In th

The Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a highly infectious alphavirus responsible for severe outbreaks and epidemics in the Americas. The nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) cysteine protease plays a fundamental role in the VEEV replication process, and is therefore, an attractive drug target for structure-based drug design using x-ray crystallography. Generating protein crystals of suffi

Duplikationen av långvåglängdkänsliga opsiner i fjärilar Människor och många andra djur upplever världen omkring de i färg, och för att kunna ha ett färgseende krävs det att man kan detektera ljus av olika våglängder. Människor, och många andra djur, kan uppfatta ljus inom det synliga spektrumet, vilket sträcker sig från blått ljus som är av kortare våglängder till rött ljus som är av längre våglBackground: Color vision is enabled by visual opsins, a class of G-protein coupled receptors expressed in the eye. How well an organism discriminates color depends notably on the number of opsins, and their spectral sensitivity when bound to a light-sensitive chromophore (retinal). Spectral phenotypes have evolved convergently multiple times owing to opsin gene losses and duplications, both in ver

Araceae is one of the most abundant species families in South America with over 2200 species across the continent, yet it has not been given much attention in ecological investigations. I analysed the species diversity and abundance of araceans along an altitudinal transect between 400 and 2350 m altitude. The transect, made up of 7 different sites, was located in the Cloud forests of the Ecuadori

The impact of climate change is increasingly being investigated over elevational gradients as they provide natural laboratories to study how species of plants and animals respond to changes in temperature, precipitation and other factors. Ferns are especially sensitive to air humidity and temperature and can therefore serve as potentially useful bioindicators. To better understand how species comm