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A particularly well-studied evolutionary model is the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, a cosmopolitan insect of ancestral southern-central African origin. Recent work suggests that it expanded out of Africa ∼9,000 years ago, and spread from the Middle East into Europe ∼1,800 years ago. During its global expansion, this human commensal adapted to novel climate zones and habitats. Despite much w

The aim of this international meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive value of BMI for incident fracture and relationship of this risk with age, sex, follow-up time, and BMD. A total of 1667922 men and women from 32 countries (63 cohorts), followed for a total of 16.0 million person-years were studied. 293325 had FN BMD measured (2.2 million person-years follow-up). An extended Poisson model

BackgroundPrimary care is key to early identification and referral of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Assessing eligibility for new anti-amyloid treatment may guide appropriate referrals and prevent overburdening specialized care. In this study we determined eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment in patients undergoing cognitive evaluation in primary care.MethodPatients were selected from

Care for older persons is a universal issue, but around 1900, new groups of wage-earners created a need for an age of retirement, forming a new era of institutional care. These old people’s homes were often charitable trusts, which required them to be seen as respectable to attract funding. Residents therefore faced a two-way contract: being offered dignified housing if they met societal standards

In multiple-planet systems, gravitational interactions of exoplanets could lead to transit timing variations (TTVs), whose amplitude becomes significantly enhanced when planets are in or near mean-motion resonances (MMRs), making them more easily detectable. In cases where both TTVs and radial velocity (RV) measurements are available, combined analysis can break degeneracies and provide robust pla

Flödescytometri som verktyg i dricksvattenproduktionens kvalitetssäkrande arbete Dricksvattenproducenter har flera metoder för att undersöka och kontrollera vattnets kvalitet. Den mikrobiella kvaliteten kan ta allt ifrån 18h till sju dygn att fastställa. Flödescytometri är en metod som har föreslagits som ett potentiellt alternativ eller tillägg till dessa metoder, och som erbjuder korta analystiQuality assurance is crucial for producers of drinking water, and several steps are taken to ensure a safe and aesthetically acceptable drinking water. Monitoring the microbiological quality of drinking water, both finished and within the drinking water treatment plants, is done through cultivation-based techniques. These techniques can take up several days before results can be seen, and quicker

BackgroundThe clinical standard practice of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy is a single injection per treatment cycle, with 6 weeks between cycles. While clinical schedules currently utilize single-bolus cycles, splitting a treatment cycle into multiple smaller injections has demonstrated benefits in other radionuclide therapies, preclinically and in clinical studies. Potential mechanisms for improved BackgroundThe clinical standard practice of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy is a single injection per treatment cycle, with 6 weeks between cycles. While clinical schedules currently utilize single-bolus cycles, splitting a treatment cycle into multiple smaller injections has demonstrated benefits in other radionuclide therapies, preclinically and in clinical studies. Potential mechanisms for improved

Negative symptoms (avolition, anhedonia, asociality, blunted affect, and alogia) are among the most disabling features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In the absence of treatment consensus guidelines, this PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024613967) evaluated efficacy and clinical significance of interventions targeting this dimension. Web of Science/PsycInfo databases were sear

Objectives: To examine powered mobility learning in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I, involving families and evaluating goal attainment through the use of small, modified electric toy cars in the children’s natural environments. Design: Single-blind pilot intervention study derived from an originally planned wait-list randomized controlled trial. This report includes only the imm

Under åren 1976 till 1982 devalverades den svenska kronan sammanlagt fem gånger, sista gången 1982 med hela 16 procent. Denna offensiva devalvering var den första åtgärd som den nya socialdemokratiska regeringen vidtog efter valsegern 1982. Superdevalveringen var ett spännande ekonomiskt och politiskt experiment som knappast har någon tidigare motsvarighet i vår växelkurspolitiska historia. Den på

AbstractBackgroundThe role of nutrient intake in celiac disease pathogenesis is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo examine whether longitudinal childhood intake of selected vitamins and minerals is associated with celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA, primary outcome) and celiac disease (secondary outcome) in genetically at-risk children.MethodsA total of 6,520 HLA-conferred at-risk children in the observa

Inflation is not merely a shift in the value of money, it is also involving a redistribution of value. While some groups are severely affected by inflation, others profit from it. So, who bears the costs of inflation: corporations, employees, or consumers? And how is this redistribution taking place, by which devices? This study takes a critical look at a central device used in various markets: th

Companion AI chatbots are increasingly used to provide friendship, emotional support, and quasi-romantic relationships, with reported benefits for loneliness and mental health. At the same time, recent suicides and other serious harms allegedly linked to such systems expose gaps in existing ethical and legal frameworks. This article interrogates these gaps through four lenses: anthropomorphism, em

Interactive AI systems - large language models, conversational agents, and chatbots - are rapidly becoming primary interfaces through which citizens access and evaluate political information. Developed and governed largely by private corporations, these systems do not merely distribute content: they shape opinion formation through sustained, adaptive, and personalised dialogue, relocating politica

Emotional AI systems decode human emotions through facial micro-expressions, vocal patterns, and physiological data. While the EU Artificial Intelligence Act prohibits emotion recognition in workplaces and educational institutions, broad security exemptions permit deployment in military, defense, national security, and law enforcement contexts. This article demonstrates how these exemptions create

BACKGROUND: Caries and periodontitis are amongst the most prevalent diseases worldwide, leading to pain and loss of oral function for those affected. Prevention relies heavily on mechanical removal of dental plaque biofilms but for populations where this is not achievable, alternative plaque control methods are required. With concerns over undesirable side-effects and potential bacterial resistanc

In nature, bacteria usually exist as mixed-species biofilms, where they engage in a range of synergistic and antagonistic interactions that increase their resistance to environmental challenges. Biofilms are a major cause of persistent infections, and dispersal from initial foci can cause new infections at distal sites thus warranting further investigation. Studies of development and spatial inter