So, we now have a book on philosophy of science written for biologists, which contains topics that its editors (both of them biologists) thought would be useful. Whereas we hope that many biologists will read it and reflect on philosophy of science, this is not the only role we envisaged for this book. We also believe that the book could be used in courses for biology undergraduates and graduates.

Background and objective: There is limited literature on the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) and kidney stones. This study aims to compare the association of Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with kidney stone prevalence. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing NHANES data (2007–2018). Participants aged ≥20 yr with a history of kidney stones an

The aim of this study was to evaluate the greatest drivers for development of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) in relation to coronary, precerebral, or cerebral artery disease This prospective study (Malmö Diet and Cancer study) included 26,681 participants. The diagnosis of incident PAD, coronary artery disease (CoAD), atherothrombotic ischemic stroke (IS) free from atrial fibrilla

Hydrothermal pretreatment was applied to wood sawdust, Trakya lignite and wood sawdust-Trakya lignite mixture (50%, wt) individually. Changes in fuel properties and thermochemical conversion characteristics of each were observed. In addition, the synergistic effect of biomass on coal with hydrothermal pretreatment of the mixture was investigated. After hydrothermal pretreatment, where the opti

In order to strengthen the bio-based economy, it is necessary to produce value-added products by processing all fractions of the biomass, especially lignin. Isolation of lignin at atmospheric pressure and lower temperature will make it possible to recover lignin and use it for different purposes. In the present study, lignins were recovered from wood sawdust by applying six different organosolv tr

Agricultural management significantly affects insects, especially pollinators, which are crucial for crop pollination and biodiversity. In agricultural landscapes, various factors spanning different spatial scales are known to affect pollinator health, which, in turn, can influence pollination services. However, the importance of these factors in driving the health and performance of different pol

High humidity, high ash content and low heating values are the major disadvantages of using lignite without ant pretreatment. High moisture content and low energy density make some of the biomass resources disadvantages in direct energy production. In this thesis, the main aims to reduce the disadvantages of both sources and obtain fuel with different structural/physical properties by hydrothermal

Background and Aims. Overtesting of low-risk patients with suspect chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is widespread. The acoustic-based coronary artery disease (CAD)-score has superior rule-out capabilities when added to pre-test probability (PTP). FILTER-SCAD tested whether providing a CAD-score and PTP to cardiologists was superior to PTP alone in limiting testing. Methods. At six Danish and Swedis

Brain function requires continuous energy supply. Thus, unraveling brain metabolic regulation is critical not only for our basic understanding of overall brain function, but also for the cellular basis of functional neuroimaging techniques. While it is known that brain energy metabolism is exquisitely compartmentalized between astrocytes and neurons, the metabolic and neuro-energetic basis of brai

An experimentally based prediction model of road abrasion wear due to studded tyres is available in Sweden and has been found to work well. However, it has not been validated since 2007, and since then road surfaces and tyre design have developed, and the question has arisen regarding the model’s current validity. The abrasion wear model is used in the NORTRIP emission model (NOn-exhaust Road Traf

Shore hardness measurements subject rubber bodies to standardized indentations. While easily performed, the measurements are subject to uncertainties. Although typical variances for Shore hardness are found in standards, operator and instrument effects are not well described, requiring statistically designed experiments to estimate effects and variance components. This paper focuses on uncertainty

Resuspension of road dust contributes to air quality issues with resulting health impacts. Limited studies imply that porous pavements can initially mitigate PM10 emissions by acting as a dust trap, but the abrasion wear generates road dust and thus accelerates the clogging processes. In addition, knowledge regarding the impact of pavement types on road dust load dynamics is limited. Road traffic

In northern countries, the climate, and consequently the use of studded tyres and winter traction sanding, causes accumulation of road dust over winter and spring, resulting in high PM10 concentrations during springtime dusting events. To quantify the dust at the road surface, a method—the wet dust sampler (WDS)—was developed allowing repeatable sampling also under wet and snowy conditions. The pr

One possible solution to reduce noise resulting from tyre-pavement interaction is to use a porous pavement surface. A porous surface will reduce noise by decreasing air pressure gradients in the tyre-pavement contact as well as by decreasing the acoustical impedance of the road surface and reducing the horn effect. While reducing noise, other functional aspects of a pavement such as abrasion wear

Traffic related non-exhaust particulate sources and road dust are an increasingly important source for PM10 air pollution as exhaust sources are decreasing due to regulations. In the Nordic countries, the road dust problem is enhanced by use of studded tyres, causing increased road wear and winter road maintenance including gritting. Efforts to reduce road dust emissions requires knowledge on temp

We address the social sustainability dimension of labor-intensive industrialization (LII) and manufacturing activities and apply it to the analysis of Mauritius, a regional forerunner in textile and garment production. While the country is commonly seen as an African success story, we do not evaluate its trajectory against traditional economic theory on achieving sustained growth. Instead, we anal

High disease activity, cognitive dysfunction (CD), fatigue and pain negatively affect the quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the impact on brain perfusion and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability remains incompletely understood. Therefore, we utilized 3 T dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging to investigate these factors in a cohort

The promotion of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) is of great significance for reducing carbon emissions and strengthening environmental protection effects. However, the temperature drop occurred during discharging, becomes a key safety hazard for the reliable operation of HFCEVs. In this study, a type IV hydrogen storage tank with a pressure of 70 MPa is adopted to research the therm