OBJECTIVES: To measure the serum concentrations of lamotrigine throughout a complete menstrual cycle. METHODS: Serum concentrations of lamotrigine, estradiol, and progestogen throughout a menstrual cycle were measured in 2 young women not using hormonal contraception. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The physiological hormonal fluctuations during an ovulatory cycle were not associated with clinically rele

Purpose: To investigate changes in levetiracetam (LEV) serum concentration/dose ratio (C/D-ratio) in relation to pregnancy. Methods: Altogether 21 consecutive pregnancies in 20 women with epilepsy receiving LEV during gestation were studied retrospectively. The main target variable was the C/D-ratio before and during pregnancy, and in the post partum period. Secondary target variables were changes

Background. In some situations, and particularly when intoxications are suspected, it would be advantageous if medicines and drugs of abuse could be swiftly detected in serum or urine. Material and methods. The Department of Clinical Pharmacology at St. Olav University Hospital has since 2004 been developing a comprehensive toxicology service (at all hours 7-days/week) for immediate quantitative a

The main concerns associated with epilepsy during pregnancy consist of maternal and fetal risks from uncontrolled seizures, and harmful effects of the treatment on the development of the offspring. Although seizure control is maintained in the majority, worsening occurs in a fraction of childbearing women with epilepsy. As multiple factors associated with pregnancy may have a negative impact on ep

Purpose: To study the impact of pregnancy on the serum concentration/dose ratio (C/D-ratio) of topiramate (TPM). Methods: Twelve women with epilepsy using TPM during pregnancy, and 15 pregnancies were studied. The main target variable was the C/D-ratio at baseline and during pregnancy. Additional variables were changes in TPM dose, concomitant use of other antiepileptic drugs, seizure frequency, a

After common belief the impairment of nerve conduction seen with multiple sclerosis has to do with uncovering of internodal potassium channels. Therefore, suitable potassium channel blockers like 5-methoxypsoralen can alleviate functional deficits due to multiple sclerosis. This has been demonstrated by single tests under well-defined laboratory conditions and by further clinical single trials. Wi

The effects of the medicinal plant rue (Ruta graveolens L.) on MS-related visual-field defects was tested. In five of nine patients the scotomata were reduced by a single dose of an aqueous extract of 3 g of the drug; the effect was reversible, appearing after only about two hours and lasting for one to two days. There was no detectable action in four patients. In no case were undesirable side eff

The effects of myoglobin on renal microcirculation were studied in anesthetized rats subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension. Capillary flow distribution was determined by allowing two dyes to circulate for 3 and 1 min, respectively, freezing the left kidney and quantifying the dye distribution in histological sections by analyzing the distances of regularly spaced test points to the next dye-labeled

Background. The debate about increased welfare and health service costs is well-known in relation to the growing ageing population. Over the past thirty years, ageing in place has been the guiding principle for policies concerning older people and housing in Sweden and other Western countries. Sweden is among the countries in the European Union and internationally whose populations have the longes

The primary aim of this study is to assess the significance of top management commitment in the context of Lean 4.0 implementation within the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Ghana. The study seeks to understand and evaluate the overall effectiveness and achievements associated with adopting Lean 4.0. Employing a positivist mindset, the research utilizes an explanatory quantitative researc

Governments encourage cultural entrepreneurship in various ways, including by so-called tax incentives. Tax incentives are tax benefits for certain persons or activities. Most well known in relation to cultural policy are tax incentives for donations. The design of these tax incentives varies between countries. Not only may domestic tax incentives for donations be important for cultural organizati

Disadvantaged areas may prompt or force older people to relocate due to a lack of services, the presence of crime, and area unattractiveness, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. The aim was to investigate whether older adults living in different types of disadvantaged areas in Sweden were considering moving away from the area, and to explore similarities and differences in underlying resid

I civilprocessrätten är taleformerna, möjligheten att göra taleändringar och reglerna om rättskraft centrala, men de anses ofta svåröverskådliga. Här ges en översikt över rättsläget med fokus på de viktigaste frågorna. Bland annat behandlas när en prestation måste vara förfallen till fullgörelse för att en fullgörelsetalan ska kunna väckas, hur förutsättningarna för att väcka en fastställelsetalan

The efficiency of translation termination is determined by the nature of the stop codon as well as its context. In eukaryotes, recognition of the A-site stop codon and release of the polypeptide are mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, respectively. Translation termination is modulated by other factors which either directly interact with release factors or bind to the E-site and modulate the