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In order to investigate the possible causes of premature thermal breakdown and performance degradation, several diagnostic techniques have been employed during the vertical tests of the Fine and Large Grain ESS Medium Beta prototypes cavities. The whole equipment, which includes second sound, fast thermometry, photodiode x ray detectors and external NaI scintillator and proportional counter, is he
In this paper we propose to describe the self-force of a particles beam, known as space charge, as a Hamiltonian term dependent on the distribution of the particles' coordinates: Hsc ≡ Hsc(ρ(x, y, z)). This Hamiltonian is then used, together with the kinetic component Hk in a Lie transform to generate a transport map by e-L:Hk+Hsc: where the Lie operator: Hk + Hsc : is defined according to the Dra
The report takes a statistical approach in the study of distribution evolution of the proton beam within the ESS linac and reports a new technique of pinpointing the non-linear space-charge effect of the propagating proton beam. By using the test statistic from the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test the author visualises the change in the normalised distributions by looking at the supremum dist
Thin films of cadmium oxide (CdO) with different thicknesses in the range of 78–250 nm were prepared and deposited on glass substrates by using a spray pyrolysis technique. A microbeam facility (Lund Ion Beam Analysis facility) was used to irradiate the prepared CdO thin films with a 1.5 MeV proton beam for fluence in the range of 2 × 1012–2 × 1014 ions/cm2. The surface morphology of the CdO films
Physical exercise affects hippocampal structure and function, but the underlying neural mechanisms and the effects of exercise intensity remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we undertook a comprehensive, multi-modal 3T and 7T MRI randomized controlled trial (Netherlands Trial Register - NL5847) in which we randomized 52 young, non-athletic volunteers to a 12-week low- or high-intensity exerc
Potable reuse of municipal wastewater is often the lowest-energy option for increasing the availability of fresh water. However, limited data are available on the energy consumption of potable reuse facilities and schemes, and the many variables affecting energy consumption obscure the process of estimating energy requirements. By synthesizing available data and developing a simple model for the e
It remains a conundrum in the evolution of sexual communication how the signals and responses can co-ordinate the changes during speciation. The genus Ostrinia contains several closely related species as well as distinctive strains with pheromone polymorphism and represents an ex-ample of ongoing speciation. Extensive studies in the genus, especially in the species the European corn borer O. nubil
