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Melanoma genomes contain thousands of alterations including: mutations, copy number alterations, structural aberrations, and methylation changes. The bulk of this variation is stochastic and functionally neutral, with only a small minority representing "drivers" that contribute to the genesis and maintenance of tumors. Drivers are often directly or inversely correlated across tumors, reflecting th

Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) protein aggregation plays a causal role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The SNCA protein modulates neurotransmission via the SNAP receptor (SNARE) complex assembly and presynaptic vesicle trafficking. The striatal presynaptic dopamine deficit is alleviated by treatment with levodopa (l-DOPA), but postsynaptic plastic changes induced by this treatment lead to a development of in

Background: The rate of biological ageing is individual and represents the steady decrease in physiological and mental functions. Adverse social factors have been shown to influence this process. Self-perceived early ageing (SEA) might be a useful indicator of early biological ageing and increased mortality risk. The aim of this population-based study was to identify markers of SEA, including telo

Climate change is considered as the biggest threat to human health in the 21st century. Sub-Saharan Africa, which is the most-at-risk region of the world, is estimated to have a disproportionately large share of the burden of climate change-induced environmental and human health risks. To develop effective adaptations to protect public health, it is essential to consider how individuals perceive a

Anti-oestrogens are commonly used in adjuvant breast cancer treatment and for a long time tamoxifen has been the main endocrine treatment. Patients who are eligibly for endocrine treatment are selected by the tumour-specific expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and approximately 70 % of all breast cancer patients are classified as ER positive. However, resistance to tamoxifen is common and severa

Background/Objectives: The hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) is chronic lung inflammation. The severity of lung disease is closely correlated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Beyond its contribution to the bone health, the importance of vitamin D has not been fully recognized owing to the lack of human studies providing evidence of its benefit. In the context of the recently described immunomodu

BACKGROUND: We compared the association of levosimendan or dobutamine with norepinephrine for the maintenance of systemic and hepatosplanchnic perfusion during early endotoxemic shock. METHODS: Twenty anesthetized pigs (26.8 +/- 0.5 kg) were instrumented with flow probes and catheters to monitor systemic and regional perfusion as described in our companion article in this issue of the journal. Two

The valence band electronic structure of Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 has been investigated using resonant photoemission spectroscopies across its paramagnetic metallic (PMM)-ferromagnetic metallic (FMM)-antiferromagnetic insulator (AFMI) transition. Using bulk sensitive soft X-ray photoemission, we have confirmed the presence of a gap in the near Fermi level electronic spectrum in the charge ordering (CO) anti

Abstract Objective: To study the very long-term course of severe depression and the subjects own experiences many years after a suicide attempt. Method: Patients diagnosed with severe depression/melancholia between 1956 and 1969 were interviewed 37- 53 years after index admission. Seventy-five telephone interviews were held and medical records were read in many cases. Long-term course of depressio

Background: Exposure to methylmercury from fish has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in some studies. At the same time, marine n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs are an inherent constituent of fish and are regarded as beneficial. To our knowledge, no risk-benefit model on the basis of data on methylmercury, PUFA, and MI risk has yet been presented. Objective: The objective of thi

Context: Despite the substantive societal impact of prostate cancer, the medical community is currently divided on the balance between benefit and harm of screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Objective: To examine whether PSA-based screening for prostate cancer meets current guidelines on efficacy and effectiveness for screening, and how it compares with other curre

The objective of the study was to analyse the economic effects of introducing alternative Salmonella control strategies in Sweden. Current control strategies in Denmark and the Netherlands were used as benchmarks. The true number of human Salmonella cases was estimated by reconstructing the reporting pyramids for the various scenarios. Costs were calculated for expected changes in human morbidity

Purpose – LIS has been described as a fragmented field in crisis, with an increased competition from other fields; and lacking in development of theories. The purpose of this paper is to articulate a strategy in which the perceived weakness can be seen as a source of strength. Design/methodology/approach – The text builds mostly on reflections on meta-theoretical and science-organisation literatur

Holocene summer temperature reconstructions from northern Europe based on sedimentary pollen records suggest an onset of peak summer warmth around 9,000 years ago. However, pollen-based temperature reconstructions are largely driven by changes in the proportions of tree taxa, and thus the early-Holocene warming signal may be delayed due to the geographical disequilibrium between climate and tree p

The concentrations of terrestrially derived dissolved organic carbon have been increasing throughout northern aquatic ecosystems in recent decades, but whether these shifts have an impact on aquatic carbon emissions at the continental scale depends on the potential for this terrestrial carbon to be converted into carbon dioxide. Here, via the analysis of hundreds of boreal lakes, rivers and wetlan

The adsorption of Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, and Zr at the (root 2 x root 2)R45 degrees-reconstructed Fe3O4(001) surface was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and density functional theory (DFT). Following deposition at room temperature, metals are either adsorbed as isolated adatoms or fill the subsurface catio