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Taking advantage of Estonia's small size and population, we have employed wastewater-based epidemiology approach to monitor the spread of SARS-CoV-2, releasing weekly nation-wide updates. In this study we report results obtained between August 2020 and December 2021. Weekly 24 h composite samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants of larger towns already covered 65% of the total popul

Even though it has been demonstrated that peer support contributes to positive outcomes for service users, organizational implementation issues remain. The aim of the current study was to examine an implementation of peer support from the perspective of managers in order to develop knowledge of factors influencing sustainability of this initiative. Eighteen managers were interviewed in connection

Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). It is also the treatment of choice in asymptomatic PHPT with evidence for target organ involvement. This review updates surgical aspects of PHPT and proposes the following definitions based on international expert consensus: selective PTX (and reasons for conversion to an extended procedure), bil

The World Health Organization has rated alcohol abuse as one of the leading risk factors for population health worldwide and emphasises the relevance of alcohol affordability (AA) measures as important instruments to monitor alcohol control policy. The present study suggests an AA index that is suitable for measuring AA in Sweden, where off-premises alcohol is exclusively distributed by Systembola

Compared to intensive research on km-sized meteorite impact craters, fewer studies focus on smaller craters. The small craters are often hard or impossible to recognize using “classical” criteria like the presence of shatter cones, shocked quartz, and geochemical indicators. Therefore, a long list of candidate structures awaiting approval/disapproval of their origin has been formed over the last d

The hierarchical pattern exploitation (HPE) method is proposed for the efficient electromagnetic analysis of finite periodic arrays. Instead of taking advantage of the Toeplitz symmetry by discretizing integral equations, HPE partitions the array hierarchically to form considerably larger geometrical repetitions, which result in identical interaction blocks inside the system matrix. These interact

A unification of characteristic mode decomposition for all method-of-moment formulations of field integral equations describing free-space scattering is derived. The work is based on an algebraic link between impedance and transition matrices, the latter of which was used in early definitions of characteristic modes and is uniquely defined for all scattering scenarios. This also makes it possible

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has seen many deaths, but the majority were for causes other than COVID-19. However, end-of-life care in all settings has been affected by measures limiting the spread of the virus, for patients with and without COVID-19. The Swedish coronavirus strategy was different compared to many other countries, which might have affected end-of-life care. The aim was to desc

In search for novel antibacterial compounds, bacterial sialic acid uptake inhibition represents a promising strategy. Sialic acid plays a critical role for growth and colonisation of several pathogenic bacteria, and its uptake inhibition in bacteria was recently demonstrated to be a viable strategy by targeting the SiaT sodium solute symporters from Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Her

A synoptical treatment of the Begonia flora of the Dibang Valley in eastern Arunachal Pradesh, India is provided, along with the descriptions of three new species. In total, eight species of Begonia are recognized as occurring in the area, of which B. atrofusca, B. lorentzonii and B. rushforthii are new to science, while B. acetosella var. hirtifolia and and B. pseudoheydei are new records for Ind

Background: To examine rates of serious pneumococcal infections up to 10 years after vaccination with 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) in patients with arthritis compared to non-vaccinated arthritis patients.Methods: In total, 595 adult arthritis patients (rheumatoid arthritis; RA = 342, 80 % women and spondylarthropathy; SpA = 253, 45 % women) received one dose of PCV7. Mean age/di

This work aimed to develop biocompatible non-leachable antimicrobial polymers without ionic structures. A series of nonionic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) with an isatin-based backbone and phenolic terminal units were synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures and thermal properties of the obtained HBPs were characterized by SEC, NMR, FTIR, TGA and DSC analyses. Disk diffusion assay r

How do we develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems that adhere to the norms and values of our human practices? Is it a promising idea to develop systems based on the principles of normative frameworks such as consequentialism, deontology, or virtue ethics? According to many researchers in machine ethics – a subfield exploring the prospects of constructing moral machines – the answer is yes. InHow do we develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems that adhere to the norms and values of our human practices? Is it a promising idea to develop systems based on the principles of normative frameworks such as consequentialism, deontology, or virtue ethics? According to many researchers in machine ethics – a subfield exploring the prospects of constructing moral machines – the answer is yes. In

The Arctic has undergone extreme changes during the last decades and is warming over twice the global average. There has been increasing interest in understanding how warming and changes in snow and rainfall will affect high-latitude ecosystems. Although observational studies highlight the importance of cold-season carbon fluxes on the annual carbon balance, models, in general, cannot realisticallThe Arctic has undergone extreme changes during the last decades and is warming over twice the global average. There has been increasing interest in understanding how warming and changes in snow and rainfall will affect high-latitude ecosystems. Although observational studies highlight the importance of cold-season carbon fluxes on the annual carbon balance, models, in general, cannot realisticall

Enzyme-responsive hydrogels, formed by step growth photopolymerization of biscysteine peptide linkers with alkene functionalized polyethylene glycol, provide interesting opportunities as biomaterials and drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed stimuli-responsive, specific, and cytocompatible hydrogels for delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease

Objective To describe the incidence and burden of illness at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, which was organised with strict COVID-19 countermeasures. Methods Daily illnesses were recorded via the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (teams with their own medical staff; n=81), and local polyclinic services (teams without their own medical staff; n=81). Illness proportion, incidence an

Oat (Avena sativa) is a nutritionally important cereal crop that is rich in health-promoting dietary fibers, favorable proteins and polar lipids. In this work, ca. 500 random lines of a mutagenized oat population of high genetic variation were screened for arabinoxylan (AX) content. This identified lines with up to 60% higher AX levels in flour from whole seed and up to 100% higher in flour from d

The increased interest in utilizing lignin as a feedstock to produce various aromatic compounds requires advanced chemical analysis methods to provide qualitative and quantitative characterization of lignin samples along different technology streamlines. However, due to the lack of commercially available chemical standards, routine quantification of industrially relevant lignin oligomers in comple

Protein-ligand-exchange kinetics determines the duration of biochemical signals and consequently plays an important role in drug design. Binding studies commonly require solubilization of designed ligands in solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), resulting in residual amounts of DMSO following titration of solubilized ligands into aqueous protein samples. Therefore, it is critical to establis

High fidelity gridded temperature datasets are difficult to obtain for areas with sparse coverage of meteorological stations given that sparsity of stations is known to introduce uncertainty in the interpolation of climatic variables generally. Inspired by their potential for optimal results especially for small sample datasets, we assessed and compared the accuracy of interpolation results of Emp