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Multiple interdependent properties govern the performance of ion-exchange membranes. Here, we demonstrate a polymer backbone design that allows a constrained local flexibility, suppressing excessive hydration while facilitating high hydroxide conductivity in poly(arylene piperidinium) anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). This structural design builds on a pair of diastereomeric arene monomers with vic
Microalgae, as photosynthetic organisms, are cultivated in photobioreactors for various industrial applications. Light intensity, a critical factor influencing their growth rate, is inherently nonuniform within photobioreactors. In regions distant from the illuminated surface, microalgae experience photolimitation due to insufficient photon availability, hindering optimal activation of the photosy
Modeling the evolution process for the growth of microalgae in an artificial pond is a huge challenge given the complex interaction between hydrodynamics and biological processes occurring across various timescales. In this paper, we consider a raceway, i.e., an oval pond where the water is set in motion by a paddle wheel. Our aim is to investigate theoretically and numerically the impact of botto
We propose to use Neumann–Neumann algorithms for the time parallel solution of unconstrained linear parabolic optimal control problems. We study nine variants, analyze their convergence behavior, and determine the optimal relaxation parameter for each. Our findings indicate that while the most intuitive Neumann–Neumann algorithms act as effective smoothers, there are more efficient Neumann–Neumann
We present new Dirichlet–Neumann and Neumann–Dirichlet algorithms with a time domain decomposition applied to unconstrained parabolic optimal control problems. After a spatial semidiscretization, we use the Lagrange multiplier approach to derive a coupled forward-backward optimality system, which can then be solved using a time domain decomposition. Due to the forward-backward structure of the opt
Dynamic light regimes strongly impact microalgal photosynthesis efficiency. Finding the optimal way to supply light is then a tricky problem, especially when the growth rate is inhibited by overexposition to light and, at the same time, there is a lack of light in the deepest part of the culture. In this paper, we use the Han model to study the theoretical microalgal growth rate by applying period
In this article, we focus on a periodic resource allocation problem applied on a dynamical system which comes from a biological system. More precisely, we consider a system with 𝑁 resources and 𝑁 activities, each activity use the allocated resource to evolve up to a given time 𝑇 > 0 where a control (represented by a given permutation) will be applied on the system to reallocate the resources. T
The potential of industrial applications for microalgae has motivated their recent fast development. Their growth dynamics depends on different factors that must be optimized. Since they get their energy from photosynthesis, light is a key factor that strongly influences their productivity. Light is absorbed and scattered in the liquid medium, and irradiance exponentially decreases towards the dar
Plastic pollution poses urgent environmental, societal, and health challenges, yet governance remains fragmented. The 2022 UNEA resolution 5/14 offers an opportunity for a legally binding treaty, but negotiations are stalled by geopolitical tensions, entrenched industrial interests, and divergent views on the plastic problem. Effective governance is further constrained by knowledge gaps spanning tPlastic pollution poses urgent environmental, societal, and health challenges, yet governance remains fragmented. The 2022 UNEA Resolution 5/14 offers an opportunity for a legally binding treaty, but negotiations are stalled by geopolitical tensions, entrenched industrial interests, and divergent views on the plastic problem. Effective governance is further constrained by knowledge gaps spanning t
Semiconductors use built-in logic to perform test, validation, and other operational activities over the lifetime of the device. These test features, referred to as instruments, become a security risk, as they provide high observability and controllability of the device. The fear is that an adversary could exploit these instruments with malicious intent. We have analyzed and developed security mea
The original manuscript to the textbook: G. Kristensson, Scattering by Electromagnetic Waves by Obstacles [17] was at first much longer than the 750 pages the publisher allowed. I then decided to extract some of the chapters and add this material later as supplements, to be published on my home page. This is the first in that series. The notation follows the one in the main book, which is referred
When machining titanium alloys, diffusion and oxidation are key wear mechanisms that affect conventional machining. At the microscale, however, the knowledge about tool-workpiece interactions remains limited, partly due to the challenge of analysing wear phenomena in microtools. This study investigates tool wear mechanisms during micromilling of Ti6Al4V by employing cross-sectional analysis of wor
Plastic deformation remains a critical tool deterioration mechanism that limits the performance of cemented carbide cutting tools in high-speed machining. Reliable detection and prediction of its onset are essential for optimizing tool performance and machining process stability. Building on the multi-sensor framework presented in Part 1, this study (Part 2) focuses on developing machining methodo
Stainless steels have a wide range of applications due to their high corrosion resistance and strength. However, their machining remains challenging, hence limiting the performance and sustainability of machining operations. Tool wear is one of such key limiting factors, which is attributed to low thermal conductivity, work-hardening tendency and high forces in machining. In this study the perform
Ti (C, N)-based cermets are widely employed in continuous finishing operations of metal cutting owing to their high hardness, superior oxidation resistance, and chemical stability compared to WC-Co based carbides. Nevertheless, their use in interrupted cutting processes such as milling remains restricted due to their inherently low fracture toughness, which often results in brittle-like failure. I
