This paper deals with a novel constitutive framework suitable for non-coherent interfaces, such as cracks, undergoing large deformations in a geometrically exact setting. For this type of interface, the displacement field shows a jump across the interface. Within the engineering community, so-called cohesive zone models are frequently applied in order to describe non-coherent interfaces. However,

The ocular media transmittance (OMT), the amount of light transmitted by the ocular media (the cornea, aqueous humour, lens and vitreous humour) to the retina, determines the sensitivity of vertebrate eyes to short-wavelength light, such as ultraviolet (UV). Earlier, we have measured the OMT of adult birds from a range of species and found that smaller eyes transmitted more UV-light to the retina

Development is a continuous process during which individuals gain information about their environment and adjust their phenotype accordingly. In many natural systems, individuals are particularly sensitive to early life experiences, even in the absence of later constraints on plasticity. Recent models have highlighted how the adaptive use of information can explain age-dependent plasticity. These

Experiments are carried out to investigate the effects of vortex generators on the jet impingement heat transfer in cross-flow. This study is a continuation of our previous research (Wang et al., 2015). In the present paper, the jet Reynolds number is fixed at 15,000 and the cross-flow Reynolds number varies from 40,000 to 64,000. The nozzle-to-surface distance to jet diameter ratio is 4.0. A vort

Inom kärnkraftsindustrin är säkerhet den aspekt som prioriteras högst. Alla kärnkraftverk är designade för att i högsta möjliga mån förhindra läckage av radioaktivetet till omgivningen, både under drift och i händelse av en allvarlig olycka. Med anledning av detta är reaktorinneslutningens vägg en av de viktigaste säkerhetsrelaterade konstruktionerna vid en anläggning, detta då denna konstruktionsSafety is the top priority at a nuclear facility. The nuclear power plants are designed to prevent radioactive leakage to the surroundings, both during normal operation as well as in case of a severe accident. One of the most important structures in a nuclear power plant, with regard to safety, is thus the reactor containment wall. The containment wall is the last main barrier to prevent radioacti

Modeling of the supercritical fluid extraction of solid materials is an important aspect in order to understand and predict the process. A comparison of two empirical models, two semi-empirical models and two mechanistic models is performed using calibration of single experiments. It is concluded that the best fit is obtained using a simple empirical expression. Furthermore, single calibrations di

The thyrocytes are exposed to high levels of oxidative stress which could induce DNA damages. Base excision repair (BER) is one of the principal mechanisms of defense against oxidative DNA damage, however recent evidences suggest that also nucleotide excision repair (NER) could be involved. The aim of present work was to identify novel differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) risk variants in BER and N

Världens städer växer i snabb takt. Denna avhandling undersöker välbefinnandet och sårbarheten hos befolkningen i stadsnära, eller periurbana, låginkomstområden i och runt Bogotá, Colombia, med målet att öka förståelsen för hur sociala och miljömässiga förutsättningar påverkas av stadsutbredning och förtätning.För detta syfte har jag utvecklat en typologi för periurbana bosättningar som består av The world is rapidly urbanizing. To contribute to the understanding of the socio-environmental changes brought about by urban sprawl and densification, this thesis examines wellbeing and vulnerability in low-income peri-urban areas in and around Bogotá, Colombia. For that purpose, I develop a typology of peri-urban settlements that includes four main settlement classifications: agriculture-based,

Design fires are often used to the evaluate performance based designs by fire protection engineers all over the world and can be an invaluable tool if used properly. One potential big issue however is the fact that the exact same design fire is recommended by authorities in similar building types despite the fact that some building characteristics, such as building material, can differ greatly. Th

To explore the extent to which client characteristics, decision-maker attributes, and country influence judgments of institutional long-term care (ILTC) appropriateness for people with dementia. Design, setting, and participants: A total of 161 experts in dementia care from 8 European countries reviewed a series of 14 vignettes representing people with dementia on the cusp of ILTC admission and in

We consider the elliptic-elliptic, focussing Davey-Stewartson equations, which have an explicit bright line soliton solution. The existence of a family of periodic solitons, which have the profile of the line soliton in the longitudinal spatial direction and are periodic in the transverse spatial direction, is established using dynamical systems arguments. We also show that the line soliton is lin

Recent genome-wide association studies confirm that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have the strongest associations with several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), providing an impetus to reduce this genetic association to practice through an HLA-based disease predictive model. However, conventional model-building methods tend to be suboptimal when predictors are highly poly

Antalet äldre inom lantbruket ökar och med anledning av detta är det särskilt intressant att studera risker och olyckor utifrån ett åldersperspektiv. Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga omfattningen och omständigheter kring olyckor, händelseförlopp samt typ av personskador i både lantbruks- och trafikmiljö.

Austroplaca subtiroliensis, Gyalidea lecideopsis, Phacographa protoparmeliae, Placynthium pulvinatum and Solorina octospora are reported new to Sweden. Several other rare or rarely collected lichens are also reported: Absconditella annexa, Arthrorhaphis vacillans, Farnoldia micropsis, Gyalidea polyspora, Ionaspis ventosa, Lecanora lecanoricola, L. leptacinella, Lecidea commaculans, Pachyascus lapp