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As formal sector employment becomes an increasingly remote prospect for many Africans, the importance of informal income-generating activities which operate from the home are being recognized. This paper compares and contrasts home-based enterprises (HBEs) in low-income settlements in Accra and Pretoria. It analyses which types of enterprises operate, their contribution to household livelihoods, a
Consolidation of dwellings in self-help settlements is directly dependent on the generation of surplus resources beyond that required for subsistence. A significant proportion of households in such settlements are reliant on income generated within the home for household subsistence as well as to finance the construction of the dwelling itself. There is therefore a close interrelationship between
Land markets in African cities are characterised by the co-existence of different modes of supply that originate from the different stages of their development. Customary land tenure remains important in many of these cities, although its future is widely disputed. This paper discusses the implications of the co-existence of customary land tenure and state involvement in the land market in peri-ur
The continuing failure of most human settlement planning in Third World cities, together with the increasing concern for sustainable development, have resulted in a new focus on sustainable urbanisation. This paper examines the nature of the debate which has arisen on the concept of sustainable urbanisation in the Third World. Two of the main physical aspects of sustainable human settlements, land
Like many African cities, Accra has experienced rapid urban growth in recent decades. This paper focuses on the changes taking place in the peri-urban area of Accra where urban development is occurring both within and around the indigenous villages. The impact of rapid urbanization on the physical and residential environment is illustrated and the implications of these changes for environmental ma
During the 1990s Ghana, like most African states, has experienced a change in its mode of governance. A decentralised approach to development planning and administration has met with limited success. This paper examines the roles played by the newly created district assembly members, the traditional chiefs and elders, and the newly formed residents' associations in urban governance in peri-urban A
This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of the nature of the self-help housing market by analysing its extent and mode of operation in four self-help settlements in the intermediate sized city of Perdra, Colombia. The evidence from the survey settlements suggests that the market for self-help houses is small. Self-help settlements are dominated by a land market rather than by a housing mar
Although building materials are one of the most important components of housing, there have been few attempts to link the nature of the building materials industry to the construction of housing. This paper analyses the three stages of production, distribution and consumption of building materials in Colombia, focusing in particular on the links between capitalists and petty capitalists operating
Building materials account for a high percentage of the non-land cost of self-help housing. Few studies, however, have examined the use of building materials by self-help builders and the practicalities of producing and distributing the materials in an alternative manner. This paper discusses the nature of construction by self-help in the intermediate-sized Colombian city of Pereira, focusing in p
It is now widely recognised that low-income households in Third World cities often use their homes not only as a means of shelter, but also as a source of income. This paper focuses on the types of enterprises found in five low-income neighbourhoods in the intermediate sized city of Pereira, Colombia. It is argued that it is necessary not only to recognise the importance of home-based enterprises
”Människor och vilt i Skandinavien” syftar till att beskriva och illustrera hur samtida samhällsvetenskaplig och humanistisk forskning närmar sig frågor om vilt och viltförvaltning i Skandinavien. Rapporten består av två delar där Del 1 beskriver olika discipliner och deras teoretiska utgångspunkter och centrala frågeställningar inom forskningsfältet. Disciplinerna kategoriseras grovt utifrån den “Humans and Wildlife in Scandinavia” aims to describe and illustrate how contemporary social science and humanities research approaches issues related to wildlife and wildlife management in Scandinavia. The report consists of two parts. Part 1 describes the different disciplines and their theoretical foundations as well as central research questions within the field. The disciplines are broadly ca
This study investigated whether the Point of attachment (POA) theory can be used to measure the consumption intention on go and watch offline eSports games. The admiration for players, social interaction, and on-site consumption requirements for viewing offline eSports competitions are prioritized. In addition, eSports fans in various regions may have distinct consumption concepts and consumption
Annual report 2025 for REAL, Centre for Retail and Logistics
Scholars have characterized Cambodia as a weak state, strong party governance system in which administrative institutions are subordinated to the ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP). This article argues that since 2013 Cambodian governance has taken a significant technocratic turn, as party rule has become increasingly dependent on a stronger and more capable administrative state. It traces a re
BACKGROUND: Despite decades of initiatives promoting individual behavior change, obesity rates remain high and continue to rise globally, indicating that what is commonly labelled as “obesity prevention” is not, in practice, preventing obesity. While health promotion strategies and policy interventions have demonstrated improvements in environments, health behaviors, and industry practices, their
BACKGROUND: Conversations regarding health behaviours, mental health, and socioeconomic contexts are recommended during prenatal visits to optimize maternal and fetal health outcomes. This study was designed to develop and evaluate the acceptability of a clinical dialogue tool called Conversation Cards for Pregnancy (PregnancyCards for short). PregnancyCards are being designed as a practical, pers
We explore interactions between equally charged surfaces in the presence of simple salt and either neutral or monovalently charged polyampholytes. We consider the possibility of using these charged polymers as crude models of ion clusters. The latter have been hypothesized to form in concentrated aqueous salt solutions and are possibly related to anomalous underscreening. This phenomenon usually m
IntroductionPrevious work from our group demonstrated that pregnant mice exposed to marijuana smoke presented reduced fetal and neonatal outcomes including reduced birthweight and increased placental weight. To further characterize the possible placental mechanisms underlying these observations, the present study evaluated placental morphology, function and molecular markers in the same experiment
