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The aim of this report is to study human behaviour during evacuations and also the possibility to influence this behaviour. To achieve this, unannounced evacuations were perfomed in two cinemas in Helsinborg and Lund, Sweden. The evacuees were filmed during the process of evacuating and afterwards they answered a questionnaire. The equipment used whilst trying to influence the behaviour where flas
This report describes experiments with a method for measuring water density in the spray from a water mist sprinkler using laser diodes. The decrease in light intensity at a photo cell across the spray from the diode is used to calculate the water density. The same method has previously been used for measuring the soot content of a flame, but the calculations when measuring water density are in so
This report is an analysis of risks concerning human safety and fire in building 621 in the Gärtuna facility, Södertälje, owned by AstraZeneca. The building is a very large building and the evacuation distances are quite long in some parts of the building. The purpose of this report is therefore to investigate whether the work environment in the building is to be considered safe or not regarding f
This report evaluates the fire safety and safety of passenger’s onboard RO-RO ships. FDS has been used for calculating fire and SIMULEX for calculating evacuation of passengers. Literature has been used for research regarding calculations of fires at sea. A different number of fire scenarios have been used to get the results that the report it is based upon. These results have then been compared w
This report contains a risk analysis for transportation of dangerous substances. The aim of this report is to investigate if Hallandåstunneln will increase or decreases the risk for the inhabitants of Båstad. In order to estimate the risk, individual- and societalrisk are calculated. Finally the risk for today’s transports is compared with the risk a future Hallandsåstunnel will contribute with.
This report is an evaluation of the Swedish police force qualifications and competence regarding fire investigations, more specific regarding their knowledge in fire theory and fire behavior. Fire investigations are handled by both the fire service and the police force. The fire service normally investigates accidental fires. Their intention is to gather information about why the fire occurred. Th
This report address fire safety problems specific for shopping centres, large retail stores and malls. It presents a short guide to be used by staff, safetypersonel and object owners with main focus on the operation phase of fire safety design. To identify problems specific for shopping centres student reports containing fire safety evaluation of 14 different Swedish shopping malls conducted betwe
During the last decade the cutting extinguisher has been used as a complement to more traditional fire fighting tools in the Swedish rescue service. In earlier research regarding the cutting extinguisher, the tools ability to penetrate different building materials and the transition of the water jet into a water spray inside the enclosure have been given little attention. This report aims to illus
The aim of this report is to evaluate the safety impact on the public from the construction of a neutron spallation source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden. ESS is to use the highly flammable hydrogen gas for ion source and cooling agent and mercury for neutron production. The report accounts for the major risks the facility will cause and discusses what actions can be taken to reduce the impact these phenom
In order to simplify the consideration of fire fighter safety for contractors, engineers and others when planning buildings, this report has generated criteria that define a reasonable safe environment to fire fighters. If these criteria are to be used on a national basis, a more equal level of safety for the fire fighters will be achieved no matter where a building is erected. In this report diff
An oil spill accident may lead to vast environmental damage and economic losses. In order to minimize the consequences from an oil spill accident, a well shaped response support should be developed. Response support has the ability to reduce stress and therefore make the rescue operation and decontamination operation more efficient. In this report oil spill accidents, organization theories and typ
Experimental fire drills were conducted in Sweden and Australia to investigate if culture has an influence on human behaviour in evacuation scenarios. The studied variables of interest were the participants’ association to the fire alarm, their feelings during the event, premovement time and group behaviour. Seven fire drills were conducted in Sweden and six in Australia during regular tutorials a
At the bakery of Lantmannens Farskbrod in Lund there is a storage for approximately 20 000 plastic bakery trays. The aim of this project is to evaluate how a possible fire in these plastic bakery trays would develop, and from this knowledge suggest measures to improve the fire safety. This has been done through several experimental works, calculations and simulations. In the experimental works, di
In the last years the use of lightweight fire fighting vehicles has become more common in Swedish fire and rescue services. These vehicles need some kind of suitable fire extinguishing system. The purpose of this report is to assist the fire and rescue services with information for the decision about which system to use. Six different systems (CCS Cobra, DSPA, Firexpress, Oertzen, One Seven and a
The purpose of this report is to provide a basis for routines pertaining to the storage and handling of nitrocellulose at Torda Ink AB. Experiments on flashpoints, auto ignition and extinguishing were performed. Current routines and the way nitrocellulose is actually handled has been observed and checked against regulations. Recommendations for new routines has been given based on the findings in
On the night between October 26 and 27 in 2007, a five storey building at Potatisåkern in Malmö, Sweden caught fire, probably due to an incorrectly installed stove near the buildings attic. The scope of the ensuing fire is rare in Sweden, and 122 tennants in 80 apartments lost their homes that night. To handle this fire 26 units from local fire departments were involved. In this report a networkan
In this report statistics concerning the reliability of sprinkler systems from seven countries has been analysed. The objective of this report has been to determine the reliability of sprinkler systems in Sweden and to present suggestions on measures to increase the reliability. The main conclusion that has been drawn is that the reliability of sprinkler systems in Sweden is 92 percent according t
The aim of this report is to illustrate that a well done pre-planning effectively helps fire fighting in nuclear power plants. Experiences from this study of fire in nuclear power plants can be used in forthcoming pre-planning.
This report focuses on CFD-calculations using parallel processors carried out with the software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). From a users point of view the advantages and disadvantages with parallel CFD-calculations were analyzed and evaluated. A simplified me-thod for quantitative evaluation was developed with guidance from ASTM E 1355 whereu-pon relative differences between serial reference sc
Evaluating evacuation experiments is a time consuming work. This report explores the possibilities of an automated time saving procedure with the help of ordinary computer programs and video cameras. Simplifying the procedure means that more types of tests can be made, i.e. walking paths of people turning corners. Trials were performed during two days with fire safety engineering students at the F
