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Biorefinery applications are receiving growing interest due to climatic and waste disposal issues and lack of petroleum resources. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is suitable for biorefinery applications due to high biomass production and limited cultivation requirements. This paper focuses on the potential of Jerusalem artichoke as a biorefinery crop and the most viable products in

Boreal forest soils function as a terrestrial net sink in the global carbon cycle. The prevailing dogma has focused on aboveground plant litter as a principal source of soil organic matter. Using C-14 bomb-carbon modeling, we show that 50 to 70% of stored carbon in a chronosequence of boreal forested islands derives from roots and root-associated microorganisms. Fungal biomarkers indicate impaired

This study investigated a possible mechanism behind employment discrimination. Participants completed a recruitment task where emphasis on cohesion (employees should “fit in”) vs. fairness (everybody should be treated equally) was manipulated by describing the norms of a fictitious company differently. There was a comparatively stronger preference in the cohesion condition for traits and interview

In recent decades, many marine populations have experienced major declines in abundance, but we still know little about where management interventions may help protect the highest levels of marine biodiversity. We used modeled spatial distribution data for nearly 12,500 species to quantify global patterns of species richness and two measures of endemism. By combining these data with spatial inform

One of the major research areas in computer vision is scene reconstruction from image streams. The advent of RGB-D cameras, such as the Microsoft Kinect, has lead to new possibilities for performing accurate and dense 3D reconstruction. There are already well-working algorithms to acquire 3D models from depth sensors, both for large and small scale scenes. However, these methods often break down w

Using high-quality precipitation data from 524 stations, the trends of a set of precipitation variables during the main rain season (May-September) from 1961 to 2008 for different climate regions in China were analysed. However, different characteristics were displayed in different regions of China. In most temperate monsoon regions (north-eastern China), total rain-season precipitation and precip

Introduction: Bipolar disorder is characterized by severe mood symptoms including major depressive and manic episodes. During manic episodes, many patients show cognitive dysfunction. Dopamine and glutamate are important for cognitive processing, thus the COMT and DAOA genes that modulate the expression of these neurotransmitters are of interest for studies of cognitive function. Methodology: Focu

Popular Abstract in Swedish Humant immunbristvirus (HIV) orsakar förvärvat immunbristtillstånd (AIDS). HIV/AIDS-epidemin har hittills innefattat över 60 miljoner människor som har infekterats och över 30 miljoner av dessa har avlidit i AIDS. HIV-infektion smittar via blod, sexuellt och från mor till barn vid graviditet eller via bröstmjölk. Vid infektion infogas virusets arvsmassa i den infekteradHIV-1 is dominating the global HIV pandemic, while HIV-2 is mainly confined to West Africa. The highest HIV-2 prevalence figures have been reported from Guinea-Bissau. While HIV-1 infection almost invariably leads to progressive immune dysfunction and AIDS, HIV-2 infection is characterised by a smaller proportion of individuals with disease progression to AIDS. In order to monitor the long-term e

Risk is a key topic in the communication between developers of infrastructure projects, permit-granting authorities, and civil society. The nature of risk communication is contested among academics, however. Whereas some scholars conceive of risk communication as a matter of effectively communicating expert knowledge on factual matters to the public, others emphasize the role of symbolic construct

The HAMLET family of compounds (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumours) was discovered during studies on the properties of human milk, and is a class of protein-lipid complexes having broad spectrum anti-cancer, and some specific anti-bacterial properties. The structure of HAMLET-like compounds consists of an aggregation of partially unfolded protein making up the majority of the compound'

Aqueous mixtures of gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) and the thermosensitive cationic diblock copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PNIPAAM(24)-b-PAMPTAM(+)(9)) or the PNIPAAM homopolymer PNIPAAM(47) have been investigated using various experimental methods. Solid g-CD-polymer inclusion complexes (pseudopolyrotaxanes) form at ambient temperatures

The terminase motors of bacteriophages have been shown to be among the strongest active machines in the biomolecular world, being able to package several tens of kilobase pairs of viral genome into a capsid within minutes. Yet, these motors are hindered at the end of the packaging process by the progressive buildup of a force-resisting packaging associated with already packaged DNA. In this experi

Live-cell imaging of biological processes at the single cell level has been instrumental to our current understanding of the subcellular organization of bacterial cells. However, the application of time-lapse microscopy to study the cell biological processes underpinning development in the sporulating filamentous bacteria Streptomyces has been hampered by technical difficulties. Here we present a