Popular Abstract in Swedish Vår konsumtion av varor ger nytta på ett flertal sätt. Men samma varor ger också upphov till olika former av miljöpåverkan genom hela deras livscykel (från råvaruutvinning till slutligt omhändertagande). Vi vet erfarenhetsmässigt att det är bättre att förebygga ett problem än att reparera skadan efteråt och på samma sätt förhåller det sig med miljöproblemen. När det gälPolicies based upon Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) aim to reduce the environmental impacts of products across their entire life cycle. The intent is to induce design changes in products and thus reduce impacts at source. This, by provision of incentives to producers through an extension of responsibility. Since the early 1990s, a number of countries have incorporated the concept of EPR int

The synthesis of two rigid polycyclic secondary diamines, bis-(2,3:6,7-iminodimethylene)anthraceneand bis-(2,3:6,7-iminodimethylene)-9,10-dicarboxyethenoanthracene,by means of Diels-Alder reaction between 1,2,4,5-tetra(dibromo?methyl)benzeneand maleimides followed by imide reduction, is described. Furthermore,these two cyclic secondary diamines undergo acylation with N-protectedamino acids, thus p

In this paper, I propose a relevance-theoretic account of the particles le, guo and zhe in Mandarin Chinese. Though conventionally regarded as aspect markers, on closer inspection they seem to contribute to a range of interpretations that cannot be subsumed under a semantic category or a specific temporal representation. The explanatory model presented in this paper builds upon relevancetheoretic

Differences in the incidence of hip fractures have been reported between urban and rural areas. In this population-based study the characteristics of fracture patterns between the city of Malmo and the nearby rural district of Sjobo were compared. A total of 782 individuals in Malmo and 486 in Sjobo were invited to participate. Fracture history for all invited was registered. The odds ratio for fr

Over the years, there has been much debate regarding the conformational behavior of flexible polyelectrolytes with electrostatic interactions described by the D bye-Huckel approximation. In particular, the electrostatic persistence length has been reported to depend both quadratically and linearly on the screening length as well as having no consistent power-law dependence at all. On the basis of

The phylogeny of two lichens, Cetraria obtusata from the Alps and Coelopogon epiphorellus occurring in the southern hemisphere is studied. A DNA-matrix based on ITS 1 and ITS 2 sequences of the rDNA is compared with a data set composed of morphology and secondary chemistry characters in phylogeny analyses using PAUP 4.0. The two data sets were entirely congruent. Neither Cetraria obtusata nor Coel

CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the pancreas and parotid glands both respond with hypoplasia during absence of food in the digestive tract and with hyperplasia following pancreatico-biliary diversion (PBD). Factors other than cholecystokinin (CCK) are, however, involved in the effects on the parotid glands, since infusion of CCK-8S and devazepide was without influence. B

The main topic of the thesis is the connection between representation theory and special functions. We study matrix elements, coupling coefficient, and recoupling coefficients for the simplest Lie and quantum groups. We show that a large number of multivariable orthogonal and biorthogonal polynomials occurring in the literature may be obtained as coupling coefficients (generalized Clebsch-Gordan

The purpose of this report is to present a critical review of research and practice based knowledge about factors conductive to ”good functioning” of work teams in the light of the evolving knowledge of developmental processes in groups. Conceptions of work team effectiveness are critically evaluated and new formulations presented. Factors such as two-way causality, boundary based defintions of te

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exacerbations on mild to moderate asthmatic patients' preference-based, health-related, quality of life scores and also to describe the effect of these exacerbations on daily life. In a survey, 100 mild to moderate asthmatic patients in the United Kingdom were asked to rate three different health marker states on a scale between 0 (death) and

Global error bounds are derived for multistep time discretizations of fully nonlinear evolution equations on infinite dimensional spaces. In contrast to earlier studies, the analysis presented here is not based on linearization procedures but on the fully nonlinear framework of logarithmic Lipschitz constants and nonlinear semigroups. The error bounds reveal how the contractive or dissipative beha

We present a logic which we call Hybrid Duration Calculus (HDC). HDC is obtained by adding the following hybrid logical machinery to the Restricted Duration Calculus (RDC): nominals, satisfaction operators, down-arrow binder, and the global modality. RDC is known to be decidable, and in this paper we show that decidability is retained when adding the hybrid logical machinery. Decidability of HDC i

Dispersion of electromagnetic waves is usually described in terms of an integrodifferential equation. We show that whenever a differential operator can be found that annihilates the susceptibility kernel of the medium, dispersion can be modeled by a partial differential equation without nonlocal operators