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Determination of transition matrices for inhomogeneous dielectric bodies by a wave propagator method

A method for determining transition matrices for inhomogeneous dielectric shells is presented. The source can be either inside or outside the shell. The method is based upon expansions of the electric and magnetic fields in vector spherical harmonics. The expansion coefficients in the shell satisfy a system of linear ordinary differential equations in the radial direction. The expansion coefficien

Interpreters, translators and travelling agents: the role of tongshi in Sino-Tibetan relations

This paper examines the development of the role of a certain group of semi-officials, known as tongshi in Chinese, in Sino-Tibetan relations from the late-fourteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century, i.e. during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with particular reference to the part played by tongshi in events along the pre-modern Sino-Tibetan border. Tongshi were often Tibetans in Chinese

Imitatio in the progymnasmata

Rhetoric is a teaching tradition. The rhetorical exercises in the progymnasmata are the foundation for the teaching culture of rhetoric. The exercises combine theory and practice, but the surviving texts by Hermogenes, Aphthonius and Nicolaus do not tell us how the exercises were used in teaching. In the preface to Theon’s progymnasmata 1.61-64 he gives a short description of his pedagogical meth

Differences in implementation and effects of the public procurement act in the EU construction sector

All member countries in the EU must follow the given directive for public procurement that has been decided upon. The purpose of the directive is to ensure a sufficient public procurement and a sound use of public resources. However, knowledge about the implementation and effects of the directive is limited. One clear indication is that the effects vary between different countries in the EU. A pre