The effect of subanesthetic nitrous oxide (N2O) narcosis (21%) on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and on voluntary non-visual suppression of the VOR was studied in 12 subjects, using a velocity step rotational test. Gain and time constant of the VOR were calculated by computer. During tests, the subjects were required either to perform mental arithmetic or to attempt to follow an imaginary targe

The effects of diazepam and thiopental on voluntary saccades and pursuit eye movements were tested in 9 volunteers, with an interval of at least 2 weeks between tests. One, 4 and 8 h after intravenous injection of diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) or thiopental (6.0 mg/kg), voluntary saccades and pursuit eye movements were tested and blood samples taken for analysis of drug concentration. As compared to result

The relative roles of different receptor systems in compensating for vestibular loss were studied in 18 children (12 to 16 years of age) with congenital or early acquired bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) and impaired hearing, and compared to that in 33 normal children (9 to 16 years of age). Postural stability was studied with posturography evaluating the velocity of anterior-posterior body sway. W

Body sway in upright stance at rest and after inducing proprioceptor stimulation, elicited by vibration applied to the calf or neck muscles, was studied in 11 patients with peripheral lesion and in 17 patients with central vestibular lesion. The responses were compared with those of 20 normal subjects. Vibratory stimulus was applied at five different frequencies, ranging from 32 to 150 Hz, and at

Five patients with Menière's disease and disabling vertigo were treated with two intratympanic instillations of gentamicin given at an interval of about 12 h. Although no further gentamicin treatment was given despite the absence of any discernible effects on the vestibular endorgan at that time, all patients developed vertigo and nystagmus beating toward the untreated ear within 3 to 5 days after

The postural control mechanisms were evaluated in 10 blinds and in 10 subjects with Usher's syndrome. The results were compared with 27 age matched healthy volunteers. In visual conditions the subjects with Usher's syndrome performed worse, but in nonvisual condition they performed equally well as the controls. The results were the same irrespective of whether the tests were performed on a rigid s

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly malignant disease with a very short median survival time. Few studies have addressed the underlying somatic mutations, and the genomic landscape of ATC thus remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have ascertained copy number aberrations, gene fusions, gene expression patterns, and mutations in early-passage cells from ten newly established ATC

The significance to human postural control of pressor information from the feet was investigated during vestibular disturbance in seven normal subjects who were exposed to bipolar biaural galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerves before and after their feet were anaesthetized with hypothermia. The increase in body sway in the lateral plane induced by the galvanic stimulus was enhanced when the

The dynamics of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were studied in 14 patients at the onset of vestibular neuritis, and at follow-up 1 year later. A velocity step stimulus of 150 degrees/s was used to investigate the VOR time constant and gain, and the results were related to the caloric response. In the acute, vertiginous phase of the disease, the VOR time constant was reduced but was almost norma

The effect of an asymmetric vestibular input on the symmetry of horizontal optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) was studied in twenty healthy subjects. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was elicited by a whole-field optokinetic drug, rotating at 90 degrees/s, and eye-movements were recorded by a DC electro-oculographic technique (EOG). The ratio of OKAN following right and left-beating OKN respectively wa

The importance to postural control of the mechanoreceptors of the soles was investigated in thirteen healthy subjects. Body-sway velocity was evaluated before and after exposing the subject's feet to hypothermia, and when calf muscles were exposed to vibration at frequencies between 20 and 100 Hz. Subjects were tested both with eyes open and closed. Body-sway velocity was found to increase signifi

Anterior-posterior body sway was evoked with monopolar bi-aural galvanic stimulus of the vestibular nerves in normal subjects and recorded with a force platform, two experiments being conducted. In an experiment of paired design, 9 normal subjects showed an increase in anterior-posterior sway as compared with lateral sway when exposed to the stimulus. In a second experiment another group of 10 nor

Directional asymmetry of primary and secondary optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN I and OKAN II, respectively) was studied in 20 patients with small acoustic neurinomas (< or = 20 mm), and results were compared to those for 24 normal controls. The optokinetic afterresponse was induced by 60 s of horizontal whole-field optokinetic stimulation in both directions. Among patients, the optokinetic afterr

The symmetry of primary and secondary optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN I and OKAN II, respectively) was studied in 14 patients with vestibular neuritis, as well as in 50 normals. The patients were examined at onset of symptoms and at follow-up 3 and 12 months later. At onset, OKAN was found mainly to reflect the spontaneous nystagmus. Although the spontaneous nystagmus disappeared in all patients

The effect of inhaling nitrous oxide on pursuit eye movements (PEM) and voluntary saccades was studied in nine healthy subjects. Eye movements were recorded before, during, and 10 min after exposure for 15 min to normoxic mixtures of 14%, 21%, and 28% nitrous oxide. At all concentrations, there was a significant decrease in gain of PEM at a target velocity of 60 degrees/s, the decrease being of co

The effect of intravenous administration of two sedatives, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and thiopental (6.0 mg/kg), on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in man was investigated on 9 volunteers. The VOR was evoked with a velocity step rotation test and gain and time constant of prerotatory and postrotatory nystagmus were measured. Both drugs reduced VOR gain. Diazepam-induced reduction lasted 8 h and thiop