We conduct a field experiment studying how financial incentives for achieving specific course grades affect university students, whether effects vary by ability, and whether allowing students to choose their goals improves outcomes. We find that incentives negatively affect performance, particularly among low-ability students assigned high goals. Survey data suggest this negative impact arises fro

Industry 4.0 concepts have recently significantly supported transparency and reliability in every industrial sector. Organizations must adapt their traditional paradigms and approaches to align with market demands. Hence, developing a framework that can change these conventional approaches with fresh ideas is essential. The Industry 4.0 (I4.0) readiness model presents a creative concept that holds

IMPORTANCE: Weight loss is common in primary care. Among individuals with recent weight loss, the rates of cancer during the subsequent 12 months are unclear compared with those without recent weight loss.OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of subsequent cancer diagnoses over 12 months among health professionals with weight loss during the prior 2 years compared with those without recent weight loss

När svensk ekonomi var internationellt öppen och konkurrensutsatt närmade vi oss världstoppen i levnadsstandard. Men efterkrigstidens regleringar drev Sverige in i en finansiell istid. USA:s nya styre gör att vissa nu drömmer sig tillbaka till gamla idéer, och då riskerar vi att upprepa ett väl dokumenterat misslyckande, skriver ekonomiprofessor emeritus Lars Jonung.

Gobiernos y empresas argumentan que las inversiones en energía eólica contribuyen al desarrollo sustentable, combaten el cambio climático y promueven la protección del medioambiente. Sin embargo, el impacto de la expansión a gran escala para la producción de energía renovable en territorios de pueblos autóctonos parece desafiar tales argumentos. Este capítulo presenta dos conceptos claves para dis

IntroductionThe implementation of welfare technologies in Swedish eldercare reflects ongoing sociotechnical transitions, which promise to optimise care practices and administrative processes. AimOur study explores how eldercare personnel interpret and ascribe meanings to welfare technologies in their everyday care work.Material and MethodsThe study draws on an empirical dataset comprising 181 phot

BACKGROUND: Circulating adiponectin and leptin have been associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. However, the relationship between long-term exposure to these adipokines in the prediagnostic period with patient survival has not been investigated.METHODS: Adipokine levels were measured in prospectively collected samples from 472 patients with pancreatic cancer. Because of sex-specific difference

Background: Strong sex disparities have been observed among patients with bladder cancer (BCa). FGFR3 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in bladder cancer, and there are inconsistencies in its frequency in male and female patients. Methods: Here, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing the FGFR3 somatic mutation frequency in men and women among 7351 patients with BCa from 18 cohorts. Resul

The building sector, as a major consumer of energy and resources, has been slow to adopt sustainability and digitalization compared to other sectors. This dissertation investigates how digital tools, particularly computational design (CD), can support the reuse of building parts within a circular economy framework, through design for disassembly and reuse-centred design (RCD) strategies. The resea

BACKGROUND: The rationale for ethnic differences in bladder cancer (BCa) susceptibility is an important open question. In this study, we raised the hypothesis that the APOBEC3-rs1014971 variant associated with BCa risk and APOBEC-mutagenesis probably contribute to ethnic differences. METHODS: We calculated the ethnicity-stratified 5-year age-adjusted incidence rates of BCa using the US SEER databa

BACKGROUND: It is unclear how diabetes and metformin use is associated with survival of esophageal cancer.METHODS: This population-based cohort study included new cases of esophageal cancer reported in Sweden from 2006 to 2018 with follow-up through 2019. Diabetes status and metformin use were analyzed in relation to all-cause and disease-specific mortality using multivariable Cox regression. The

BACKGROUND: The extent to which the risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific breast cancer is associated with ER status of breast cancer and other cancers among first-degree relatives is unclear.METHODS: This population-based cohort included 464 707 cancer-free women in Stockholm, Sweden, during 1978-2019. For ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) associated w

IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer (BC), the most prevalent cancer among women globally, is a heterogeneous disease, with prognosis differing by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Having a family history of BC increases the risk of BC; however, it is unclear whether family history is associated with the prognosis of overall and ER-specific BC.OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a family history of BC is associated wi

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) commonly develop symptoms and signs in the 1-2 years before diagnosis that can result in changes to medications. We investigate recent medication changes and PDAC diagnosis in Nurses' Health Study (NHS; females) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; males), including up to 148,973 U.S. participants followed for 2,994,057 person-years

Idag är Tullkammarkajen en övergångszon från Halmstads innerstad till en aktiv hamn och industri. Två helt olika sammanhang som möts på en plats som saknar sammanhållning med resten av staden. Ett oanvänt mellanrum mellan det som en gång var en viktig position för stadens utveckling, och som nu är en plats som varken knyter an till sin egen historia eller med livet i staden. Ett oplanerat, undervä

Industrial symbiosis is a collaborative approach that aims to enhance resource efficiency andsustainability by facilitating exchanges between industries and other societal actors. Traditionally,industrial symbiosis focused on optimizing physical resource flows, such as excess energy, wastematerials, and by-products. However, over time, the concept has expanded to also include, for example,collaborIndustrial symbiosis is a collaborative approach that aims to enhance resource efficiency and sustainability by facilitating exchanges between industries and other societal actors. Traditionally, industrial symbiosis focused on optimizing physical resource flows, such as excess energy, waste materials, and by-products. However, over time, the concept has expanded to also include, for example, coll

In this paper we study the evolution of radiative fluxes, flux radii and observable dust masses in protoplanetary discs, in order to understand how these depend on the angular momentum budget and on the assumed heat sources. We use a model that includes the formation and viscous evolution of protoplanetary gas discs, together with the growth and radial drift of the dust component. We find that we