Magnetic skyrmions, topologically protected vortex-like configurations in spin textures, are of wide conceptual and practical appeal, notably in relation to the making of so-called race-track memory devices. Skyrmions can be created, steered, and destroyed with magnetic fields and/or (spin) currents. Here the authors focus on the latter mechanism, analyzed via a microscopic treatment of the skyrmi

Walking plays an essential role in sustainable transport systems, as nearly all journeys in the urban environment incorporate walking in one way or another. In parts of the world, for long periods of the year, seasonal variation in daylight hours means that pedestrians must rely on outdoor lighting to make cities accessible after dark. However, outdoor lighting is associated with considerable ener

The association between socioeconomic circumstances and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was investigated in an urban population in Sweden. The study included all 40–89 year-old inhabitants in Malmö, Sweden (N = 117,479) without previous hospitalization due to COPD, who were followed over 14 years for COPD related hospital admissions. The Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) co

We study a small Anderson-impurity cluster using lattice density functional methods, and try todetermine the exact exchange-correlation (XC) potential via reverse engineering. In doing so we nd singlet{triplet degenerate interacting ground states which cannot be v0-represented in an ensemble-DFT sense. Wealso nd that it is possible to represent a triplet ground state as a pure state, but not the s

Objectives: To investigate the preoperative prognostic value of molecular subtypes in relation to clinical information, histopathological findings, and molecular markers for patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy. Patients and methods: After standard preoperative staging, a population-based cohort of 519 patients underwent radical cystectomy between 2006 and 2011. Following

Due to the consistently high proportion of surgical site infections (SSI) after vascular surgery, a change of prophylactic antibiotic therapy from cloxacillin/cefotaxime to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was conducted in 2016. The study included consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization due to acute or chronic lower extremity arterial disease. The antibiotic regime

We employ Non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) to describe the real-time dynamics of an adsorbate-surface model system exposed to ultrafast laser pulses. For a finite number of electronic orbitals, the system is solved exactly and within different levels of approximation. Specifically i) the full exact quantum mechanical solution for electron and nuclear degrees of freedom is used to benchmark

The ATLAS collaboration plans to determine the absolute luminosity of the CERN LHC at Interaction Point 1 by measuring the trajectory of protons elastically scattered at very small angles (μrad). A scintillating fibre tracker system called ALFA (Absolute Luminosity For ATLAS) is proposed for this measurement. Detector modules will be placed above and below the LHC beam axis in roman pot units at a

Increasing loading of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter tends to enhance bacterioplankton respiration (BR) in boreal estuaries, but knowledge on the mechanisms behind this effect is not complete. We determined the stable isotopic signature of the reactive estuarine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Öre estuary (Baltic Sea) by using the Keeling plot method. The δ13C ratio of the es

The currency devaluations of the 1930s facilitated a faster recovery from the Great Depression in the countries depreciating, but their unilateral manner provoked retaliatory and discriminatory commercial policies abroad. This article explores the importance of the retaliatory motive in the imposition of trade barriers by gold bloc countries during the 1930s and its effects on trade. Relying on ne

Based on a novel dataset of about 1150 time series, this study provides monthly economic activity estimates for 28 countries during the Great Depression. Due to their high frequency, the indices reveal that steady growth was far from universal even in the second half of the 1920s. Monetary and financial instability, agricultural crises, and labor conflict continued to plague economies around the g

Tillgång till pollinerare är avgörande för produktionen av många grödor. Det är viktigt att känna till olika insektsarters egenskaper och att skapa förutsättningar för en mångfald av pollinerare. Det kan i vissa situationer uppstå risk för konkurrens mellan vilda bin och honungsbin.

This dissertation is composed of six chapters. Based on a comparison with other recessions throughout history, the first chapter motivates studying the Great Depression from a trade perspective. The second chapter sets the stage for such an endeavour. It introduces a new macroeconomic dataset for the interwar period and investigates the prelude and global impact of the Great Depression. Highlighti

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I estimated population size of fifty-nine common birds by using the fixed routes of the Swedish Bird Survey (SBS), which give the number of birds per kilometer. I converted this number to density, birds/km2, using the correction factors for detectability that have been developed for line transects in Finland. I compared the population estimates by this new method with those in a previous account f

The recent surge in publications on the history of knowledge may obscure the fact that there are several parallel understandings of what the field is. In this article, I discern five major historiographical directions in contemporary scholarship regarding the history of knowledge. The analytical framework that has so far attracted the most attention is the circulation of knowledge. As productive a