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There is little information on mucins versus potential regulatory factors in the peripheral airway lumen of long-term smokers with (LTS+) and without (LTS-) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We explored these matters in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from two study materials, both including LTS+ and LTS- with a very similar historic exposure to tobacco smoke, and healthy non-smok
The β4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (B4GALNT3) transfers GalNAc in a β1,4-linkage to GlcNAc forming the LacdiNAc (LDN) determinant on oligosaccharides. The LacdiNAc-binding adhesin (LabA) has been suggested to mediate attachment of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric mucosa via binding to the LDN determinant. The O-glycan core chain specificity of B4GALNT3 is poorly defined. We investigated
Helicobacter suis is the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species in the human stomach and is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. suis colonizes the gastric mucosa of 60-95% of pigs at slaughter age, and is associated with chronic gastritis, decreased weight gain, and ulcers. Here, we show tha
Helicobacter pylori infection can result in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. H. pylori reside within the gastric mucus layer, mainly composed of mucins carrying an array of glycan structures that can serve as bacterial adhesion epitopes. The aim of the present study was to characterize the binding ability, adhesion modes, and growth of H.
We present particle tracking microrheology results on human mucins, isolated from normal surface and gland mucosa and one tumor sample, and examine the motility of Helicobacter pylori in these mucins. At 1.5% concentration human mucin solutions are purely viscous, with viscosity η (gland mucin) > η (surface mucin) > η (tumor mucin). In the presence of motile H. pylori bacteria, particle diffusion
Gastrointestinal infections cause significant challenges and economic losses in animal husbandry. As pathogens becoming resistant to antibiotics are a growing concern worldwide, alternative strategies to treat infections in farmed animals are necessary in order to decrease the risk to human health and increase animal health and productivity. Mucosal surfaces are the most common route used by patho
Helicobacter suis colonizes the stomach of most pigs and is the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species found in the human stomach. In the human host, H. suis contributes to the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma, whereas in pigs it is associated with gastritis, decreased growth and ulcers. Here, we demonstrate that the level of H. pylori a
The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis,
Mucins in the gastric mucus layer carry a range of glycan structures, which vary between individuals, can have antimicrobial effect or act as ligands for Helicobacter pylori. Mucins from various individuals and disease states modulate H. pylori proliferation and adhesin gene expression differently. Here we investigate the relationship between adhesin mediated binding, aggregation, proliferation an
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter heilmannii is a zoonotic bacterium associated with gastric disease in humans. We recently showed that H. heilmannii binds to human gastric mucins and epithelial cells and highlighted a potential role for the murine Muc13 mucin in gastric Helicobacter colonization. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of the H. heilmannii hof gene locus encoding HofH/F/E/G/C/
Helicobacter heilmannii naturally colonizes the stomachs of dogs and cats and has been associated with gastric disorders in humans. Nine feline Helicobacter strains, classified as H. heilmannii based on ureAB and 16S rRNA gene sequences, were divided into a highly virulent and a low-virulence group. The genomes of these strains were sequenced to investigate their phylogenetic relationships, to def
Ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring frequently identifies incidental arrhythmias, but their prevalence in community-based atrial fibrillation (AF) screening remains uncertain. For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL through January 2025 for studies on ECG abnormalities in community-based screening. Eligible studies included randomized trials or observ
Background: Selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide, and zonisamide are commonly used with levodopa to manage motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study compared the efficacy and safety of these agents as adjuncts to levodopa in Asian PD patients with motor fluctuations. Methods: A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from dat
Municipal housing companies have been recognised for their potential in taking on a leadership role in terms of energy efficiency in buildings, raising the question of what the transaction cost barriers are in these companies’ internal operations for undertaking energy efficiency measures. In this study, we thus explore transaction costs barriers in municipal housing companies in Sweden. Data on q
Background Circadian rhythms regulate immune cell trafficking and function, and emerging clinical data suggest that the timing of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) administration may influence efficacy. In advanced disease, later-day administration has been associated with inferior outcomes. Whether this applies to neoadjuvant ICI in resectable stage III–IV melanoma is unknown. Methods This retros
With zoonotic outbreaks on the rise, rapid and accurate infectious disease diagnostics are critical for both human and animal health. Traditional lateral flow assays lack sensitivity and specificity, while isothermal amplification methods like LAMP, though rapid, can be hindered by optical detection issues. We present an electrochemical nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) that combines isotherm
The human stomach is a harsh and fluctuating environment for bacteria with hazards such as gastric acid and flow through of gastric contents into the intestine. H. pylori gains admission to a stable niche with nutrient access from exudates when attached to the epithelial cells under the mucus layer, whereof adherence to glycolipids and other factors provides stable and intimate attachment. To reac
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic breathlessness is common and often leads to avoidance of symptom-provoking activities. Expectations of breathlessness influence behaviour and symptom perception, but the accuracy of these expectations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between expected and experienced breathlessness, the moderating role of mental states, determi
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with autonomic dysfunction and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Exercise-derived autonomic markers provide an integrated assessment of cardiovascular autonomic regulation. Whether baseline OSA severity and longitudinal autonomic adaptation during continuous positive airway
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices provide hemodynamic stability during high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (HR-PCI), potentially reducing the incidence of adverse events and permitting more complete revascularization.1,2 According to clinical guidelines in the United States, MCS is recommended during PCI for selected high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery revascularizat
