Circadian clocks optimize the timing of physiological processes in synchrony with daily recurring and therefore predictable changes in the environment. Until the late 1990s, circadian clocks were thought to exist only in the central nervous systems of animals; elegant studies in cultured fibroblasts and using genetically encoded reporters in Drosophila melanogaster and in mice showed that clocks a

ObjectiveIn both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), attentional dysfunction is a core clinical feature together with disrupted episodic memory. This study evaluated the cognitive effects of memantine in DLB and PDD using automated tests of attention and episodic memory. MethodsA randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week three centre trial of memantin

Developed countries have relied heavily on aid budgets to fulfill their pledges to boost funding for addressing climate change in developing countries. However, little is known about how interaction between aid and other ministries has shaped contributorsâ diverse approaches to climate finance. This paper investigates intra-governmental dynamics in decision-making on climate finance in seven contr

Fast correlation attacks, pioneered by Meier and Staffelbach in 1988, constitute an important class of attacks on stream ciphers. They exploit a correlation between the keystream and the output of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) within the cipher. Several factors affect the feasibility of such an attack, e.g., the amount of available keystream and the number of taps in the LFSR. Notably, f

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy and noise performance of fat quantification with multiple gradient-echo images acquired using bipolar read-out gradients and compare them with those of the well-established unipolar technique. THEORY: The bipolar read-out technique induces phase and amplitude errors caused by gradient delays, eddy currents, and frequency-dependent coil sensitivity. In this stud

On-going research aims at answering the question, which satiety signal is the most potent or which combination of satiety signals is the most potent to stop eating. There is also an aim at finding certain food items or food additives that could be used to specifically reduce food intake therapeutically. Therapeutic attempts to normalize body weight and glycaemia with single agents alone have gener

This article draws on a longitudinal and qualitative study of students in a master’s program in engineering. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze annual, semi-structured interviews with ten students, from the first semester until one year after graduation. The program enjoys a high status and has a reputation of being highly demanding. The results show how the students cate

Resection techniques are the established method for posterior mitral valve leaflet repair in degenerative mitral valve disease. However, implantation of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) neochordae is gaining acceptance. The aim of this study was to compare the durability and clinical outcome following mitral valve repair using ePTFE neochordae or leaflet resection.

Research in family medicine is a well-established entity nationally and internationally, covering all aspects of primary care including remote and isolated practices. However, due to limited capacity and resources in rural family medicine, its potential is not fully exploited yet. An idea to foster European rural primary care research by establishing a practice-based research network has been rece

We report the occurrence of Trichospilus pupivorus Ferriere, 1930 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing pupae of Thagona tibialis Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) collected on Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) tree in Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fifty to 75 parasitoids emerged from three pupae of Th. tibialis. This is the first record of Tr. pupivorus for the American continent and a

The aim of this study was to assess knee extensor and flexor muscle torque in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke and determine the relationship with muscle tone. Fifty individuals (mean age 58 +/- 6.4 years), 6 to 48 months after stroke, participated in the study. Maximal concentric knee extension and flexion torque at 60 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s and maximal eccentric knee extension cont

Introduction Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation of the bladder and is believed to be a complex disorder with genetic and environmental background. We describe a young adult female with an isolated bladder exstrophy and with an X chromosome aberration. Patients and Methods Karyotyping identified an X chromosome rearrangement that was further characterized with array comparative gen

The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichia coli (Ec) on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother’s dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, the dietary regimes started with the dams at pregnancy and through lactation, and continued with the offspring fo

In this study, we test the knowledge corridor theory as an explanation of university professors' involvement in the early stages of research commercialisation. A statistical analysis was made of a sample of full professors from the engineering, natural sciences and medical faculties at a large public university in Sweden. The analysis shows that not only entrepreneurial experience but also private

Studies on adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia suggest better results when using pediatric protocols for adult patients, while corresponding data for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are limited.

High material penetration by neutrons allows for experiments using sophisticated sample environments providing complex conditions. Thus, neutron imaging holds potential for performing in situ nondestructive measurements on large samples or even full technological systems, which are not possible with any other technique. This paper presents a new sample environment for in situ high resolution neutr

Backscattered scanning electron micrograph and ultra small- and small-angle neutron scattering data have been combined to provide statistically meaningful data on the pore/grain structure and pore evolution of combustion metamorphic complexes from the Hatrurim basin, Israel. Three processes, anti-sintering roughening, alteration of protolith (dehydration, decarbonation, and oxidation) and crystall

Purpose: To characterize rounded atelectasis (RA) with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of solitary peripheral pulmonary neoplasm. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with diagnostically equivocal peripheral pulmonary nodules were examined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. 13 patients had a total of 16 rounded atelectases and 11 had a neoplasm. The final diagno

Størling and colleagues hypothesise in this issue (Diabetologia DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3045-3 ) that post-translational modification (PTM) of autoantigens might create tissue-specific neo-epitopes that could trigger type 1 diabetes. Data on PTM of islet autoantigens are scarce and readers should not believe that the PTM hypothesis is supported by strong experimental evidence. The proposed genetic