During the prolonged course of chronic viral infection there is a continuous reciprocal interaction between the host immune defence system and the viral immunogens, and viral genetic mutations capable of circumventing host immune defence could be selected for. Our observation of increasing prevalence of heterogeneity in the DNA sequence coding for the ‘a1 determinant of HBsAg in patients with pres

Popular Abstract in Swedish När en skada på ett kärl uppstår sätts blodkoagulationen igång. En rad reaktioner mellan olika proteiner, såsom proenzymer, enzymer och kofaktorer sker då på negativt laddade ytor som exponeras i samband med skadan. Därigenom omvandlas flytande blod till levrat blod och kärlskadan täpps igen. Faktor V är en viktig komponent i blodkoagulationen. I koagulationsprocessens Coagulation factor V (FV) is activated by thrombin through proteolytic cleavage at Arg-709, Arg-1018 and Arg-1545. Upon thrombin activation, the active form of factor V (FVa) is formed. FVa functions as a cofactor to factor Xa in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation. Recently, it was shown that in addition to being a precursor form of the procoagulant FVa, FV functions as a

Object clitics (OCL) have been shown to be acquired differently with respect to their placement in monolingual and bilingual speakers. Previous studies have mainly focused on Romance-Germanic bilinguals (see Hamann & Belletti 2006; Granfeldt 2012), but this paper is based on Italian-Romanian bilinguals. 27 children, aged 4-9, 16 in Italy and 11 in Romania, were exposed to an elicited productio

This paper describes trade-offs involved in designing a dual-band CMOS frontend for wireless local-area network (WLAN). Three 0.18μm CMOS frontends have been investigated, a single-band frontend at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, a single-band frontend at the 5 GHz U-NII band and a dual-band frontend. The study shows that employing a dual-band frontend yields satisfactory results, although some compromises

Gehörsspel för piano vänder sig i första hand till studerande vid musikhögskolor. Boken, som inkluderar 2 CD-skivor, vänder sig i första hand till studerande på musikhögskolor, gymnasieskolor och folkhögskolor. Den kan också användas vid undervisning inom musik- och kulturskolor samt i fortbildningssyfte. Man behöver dock vissa grundkunskaper i piano — materialet är alltså inte avsett för rena nyb

Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunsystemet skyddar kroppen mot infektion. För att kunna skydda mot infektion krävs att immunsystemet är utrustat med kraftfulla biokemiska motmedel. Ett sådant motmedel är antikroppar. Antikroppar är proteiner som känner igen och specifikt binder till andra molekyler via en s k molekylbindande klyfta. När antikropparna har bundit in till en molekyl på t ex en bakteriPrimary infections and vaccination stimulates the immunesystem to produce memory cells that rapidly respond to reexposure of the same antigen. These memory responses are dependent on an adaptive type of immunity that sustains the reactivity of the immune system by long-lived memory immune cells. From an evolutionary perspective adaptive immunity as such appears to be restricted to jawed vertebrate

Popular Abstract in Swedish Äggstockscystors förekomst, risken för kvinnor med cystor att utveckla äggstockscancer samt Plasminogenaktiveringssystemets uttryck i äggstockstumörer Äggstockscancer är ovanligt hos unga kvinnor, men den 4:e vanligaste dödsorsaken i cancer hos kvinnor i åldern 45-64 år i Sverige. Livstidsrisken är 1 på 70. På grund av få eller obefintliga symptom upptäcks äggstockscanThe aims were to assess the prevalence of ovarian tumors in fertile asymptomatic women and to evaluate the risk of ovarian cancer in women with a history of benign ovarian tumors and endometriosis. In order to search for biomarkers in ovarian tumors, the plasminogen activating (PA) system was studied. A random sample of women 25-40 years old was invited to a transvaginal ultrasonography examinati

This paper raises the issues confronting the minority cohort’s participation in the construction industry. Women in construction are seen as the wrong gender to be around for the construction occupations require not only manual dexterity but physical strength. Currently, the industry is employing less than 10% of the female in the workforce with even lower participation in crafts and trade. This p