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Purpose: The mean diffusivity (MD) is sensitive to the microstructure of the cortex. However, partial volume effects with CSF and white matter (WM) may obscure pathology-related alterations. This work investigates both existing approaches and a novel approach for reducing partial volume effects. Theory and Methods: A bias in MD arises due to partial volume effects, higher-order terms, and the nois

Climate change increases the risk of soil salinisation in Southern European vineyards. In this study, six of those soils were experimentally salinised, half of which were contaminated with Cu, a widely used fungicide. Changes in soil microbiota were assessed, including bacterial and fungal growth, respiration, carbon use efficiency calculation, and microbial community phospholipid fatty acids comp

In most academic literature refugees are portrayed either as those who lack what national citizens have or as a threat to the national order of things. This article explores the effects of being excluded in such a way, and argues that Burundian refugees in a camp in northwest Tanzania find themselves in an ambiguous position, being excluded from the national order of things - secluded in the Tanza

The excited state decay kinetics of chromatophores of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum have been recorded at 77 K using picosecond absorption difference spectroscopy under strict annihilation free conditions. The kinetics are shown to be strongly detection wavelength dependent. A simultaneous kinetic modeling of these experiments together with earlier fluorescence kinetics

The aim of this special issue of JEMS is to explore the inherent contradictions and tensions of transnational engagement and reveal how these are played out at different levels, intersecting with other social markers based on gender, class, ethnicity, etc. While transnational engagements span territories and transcend spatial fixation, they might also provide stabilised identities for those involv

Using two-color pump−probe femtosecond spectroscopy, the temperature dependence of the energy transfer rate within the peripheral light-harvesting antenna (LH2) of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been measured. The energy transfer time from B800 to B850 is determined to be 0.7, 1.2, and 1.5 ps at 300, 77, and 4.2 K, respectively. These data, combined with earlier result

Picosecond spectrally resolved fluorescence kinetics measurements, together with model simulations of the obtained data, based on coupled rate equations, have been employed to determine the rates and the pathways of heterogeneous excitation transfer in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Chromatium minutissimum. The presence of a directed excitation flow from the short-wavelength bacteriochlorophyll f

In this paper we suggest that attention to the social practice of prepping, with its particular focus on how people navigate uncertain and potentially disastrous futures, can help broaden our understanding of forced migration. We argue that the emerging literature on doomsday prepping provides a particularly interesting vantage point from which to study the relationship between forced migration, t

This study explores how scientists navigate research topic transitions during their early-career training and examines its impact on the production of novel knowledge. Drawing on survey data of 270 mid-career scientists in life sciences, we investigate their time investment in topics during early career stages (i.e. during PhD and postdoc training) and trace their research output for 15 years afteThis study explores how scientists navigate research topic transitions during their early-career training and examines its impact on the production of novel knowledge. Drawing on survey data of 270 mid-career scientists in life sciences, we investigate their time investment in topics during early career stages (i.e. during PhD and postdoc training) and trace their research output for 15 years afte

Based on thorough ethnographic fieldwork in a refugee camp in Tanzania this book provides a rich account of the benevolent "disciplining mechanisms" of humanitarian agencies, led by the UNHCR, and of the situated, dynamic, indeterminate, and fluid nature of identity (re)construction in the camp. While the refugees are expected to behave as innocent, helpless victims, the question of victimhood amo

This contribution explores the attempts by international humanitarian agencies and the post-genocide Rwandan state respectively to deal with exceptionality created by the genocide and return to normality. It does so by comparing two kinds of camps that deal with exceptional life: the refugee camps for Hutu who fled after the genocide and the Rwandan government's ingando re-education camps. While t

This paper investigates the importance of competence-based trust on the fundraising success of Initial Coin Offerings. Based on a dataset with 3,644 ICOs, our models test the influence of generic and specific human capital on the probability of token-based new ventures to secure the amount of funds they intended to during ICOs. Our results suggest a positive and statistically significant influence

The intensity dependence of picosecond kinetics in the light-harvesting antenna of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum is studied at 77 K. By changing either the average excitation intensity or the pulse intensity we have been able to discriminate singlet-singlet and singlet- triplet annihilation. It is shown that the kinetics of both annihilation types are well characterized by the