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This study addresses the modelling of a dual band (28 and 38 GHz), circularly polarised slotted-patch-antenna for highly demanded millimetre wave multi-input multi-output (MIMO)-systems in fifth generation (5G) networks. A computer-aided-design model is derived by means of an artificial neural network (ANN) which allows obtaining the physical dimensions of a single-fed antenna, satisfying both nea
The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used for the large-signal modeling of a multifinger pHEMT, which is considered as five nonlinear coupled distributed transmission lines. The developed model, which is based on the exact physical layout of multifinger pHEMT, not only accurately describes the propagation effects along the electrodes at higher frequencies but it also includes major n
In this paper, one simple dual-band (28 and 38 GHz) circularly polarized slotted patch antenna, suitable for future millimeter wave mobile communication, is presented. The proposed monolayer circularly polarized patch antenna is considered without any 90° phase shifter and is excited by a single-feed microstrip line, which is very desirable for high gain antenna array implementation in millimeter
A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) dual-band antenna system consisting of two elements, each of which built up of circularly polarized slotted patch antenna for mm-wave band 5G wireless handheld and portable terminals is described. Space diversity is used to achieve a good independent channel fading in MIMO systems. In theoretical analysis of MIMO systems often assume that each antenna is iso
The overall designing of one 90nm CMOS reflective-type phase shifter for the first three channels in 60 GHz band is described. The performance investigation is based on full wave electromagnetic analysis and optimization. The simulation predicts a phase tuning range of 360° as a function of control voltage with an average insertion loss of 5.5 dB over all phase states. The linearity of the phase s
The overall circuit designing of one path phased array transmitter consisting of 90 nm CMOS integrated power amplifier and passive phase shifter for the first three channels in 60 GHz band, is described. The performance investigation is based on a hybrid analysis and optimization. It consists of both electromagnetic (Method of Moments (MOM)) analysis for improving the accuracy of the models in thi
A new fully-integrated concurrent dual band CMOS power amplifier (PA) which covers the first and third channels of IEEE 802.15.3c standard is presented. In order to achieve concurrent operation of the 60 GHz PA in two desired narrow frequency bands, the multi-frequency passive coupling matching networks design is proposed. The full wave electromagnetic analysis (by the conventional Method of Momen
To support countries in reforming their research and innovation systems, the Directorate-General for Research & Innovation (DG RTD) of the European Commission set up a Policy Support Facility (PSF) under the European Framework Programme for Research & Innovation ‘Horizon 2020’. It aims to support Member States and associated countries in improving their national science, technology and inn
This book analyzes the current trends in the production, dissemination, and use of knowledge which contribute to social inequalities, especially in the Global South. The aim of the text is to explore the possibilities of active involvement by universities in the democratization of knowledge - a process by which people will be able to more easily acquire and utilize knowledge, as well as the result
Hard X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a nanofocused beam is used to measure both lattice contraction and bending in a single nanowire device under electric bias. The shape of the nanowire is reconstructed in 3D with sub-nanometer precision. As the bias voltage is gradually increased, nonreversible structural changes in the contact regions are observed, correlated with degradation of the electrical co
Simultaneous scanning Bragg contrast and small-angle ptychographic imaging of a single solar cell nanowire are demonstrated, using a nanofocused hard X-ray beam and two detectors. The 2.5 μm-long nanowire consists of a single-crystal InP core of 190 nm diameter, coated with amorphous SiO2 and polycrystalline indium tin oxide. The nanowire was selected and aligned in real space using the small-angl
ConspectusFunctional materials and devices require nanoscale control of morphology, crystal structure, and composition. Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) crystal growth and its related growth modes enable the synthesis of 1D nanostructures, commonly called "nanowires", where the necessary nanoscale heterogeneity can be encoded axially. During the VLS process, a seed particle collects atoms and directs the
Downlink beamforming in Massive MIMO either relies on uplink pilot measurements--exploiting reciprocity and time-division duplexing (TDD) operation, or on the use of a predetermined grid of beams with user equipments reporting their preferred beams, mostly in frequency-division duplexing (FDD) operation. Massive MIMO in its originally conceived form uses the first strategy, with uplink pilots, whe
Parvalbumin- (PV-) containing basket cells constitute perisomatic GABAergic inhibitory interneurons innervating principal cells at perisomatic area, a strategic location that allows them to efficiently control the output and synchronize oscillatory activity at gamma frequency (30–90 Hz) oscillations. This oscillatory activity can convert into higher frequency epileptiform activity, and therefore c
