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This report concerns development of international standards within the field of emergency management. A main issue has been to examine if international emergency management standards should be developed, and if so, how and by whom. The research for the purpose of this report has resulted in many arguments associated with potential international emergency management standards. The main conclusion o
In the city of Trosa there is an old district of beautiful buildings of timber houses. The community of Trosa is very kind of protecting and preserve the culture heritage that the buildings reprehensive and the unique surroundings. The Community has the overarching responsibility for the safety of fire for the citizens and the buildings in the area. For each specific private house the owner has hi
In closed institutions, such as prisons, the inmates are locked up and therefore unable to perform an unassisted evacuation in case of fire. Since the assistance of the prison staff is required to escort every inmate to safety, often one at the time evacuation is a time consuming task. The report deals with the issue of whether the conditions in Swedish prisons today regarding evacuation in the ca
This graduation project examines how pool fires in dike areas effect surrounding tanks containing liquid hydrocarbons, as well as other equipment in an oil refinery. The purpose of the report is to investigate a certain tank area at Preemraff Lysekil and give some suggestions to reduce the consequences of a dike pool fire. Calculations and simulations has been done according to heat radiation, flo
The importance of fire and evacuation safety in institutional cares is the main focus of this report. It is written around seven work areas that should be considered to create a high or satisfactory safety level. The report shows that the safety of the patient is directly linked to the nursing staff, since the patient is likely to need assistance both in a situation of fire and in an evacuation si
Basic data for decision-making for Malmö Fire Brigade has been gathered and evaluated for cardiac arrest assistance. Four aspects of cardiac arrest assistance by the fire brigade have been further explored. The first aspect is the effect of a quick response to a cardiac arrest and how the chances of survival changes over time. Secondly the possibility of the fire brigade being first on the scene w
The purpose of this report is to investigate the problem with fire safety at construction sites. If it is found necessary, the report will try to present methods of how the situation can be bettered. Investigations have been made through interviews, visits to building sites and by examining statistics of fires at construction sites. Swedish laws have been studied with the purpose to evaluate how t
This report is a study of methods and engineering guidelines in selection of design fire scenario. Three different guidelines has been studied and compared: ISO 16733, Engineering Guide to Application of Risk Assessment in Fire Protection Design by Society of fire protection engineering and International Fire Engineering Guidelines. Besides that statistics from all the rescue services around Swede
CFD-modelling of fire scenarios inside reactor containment of Reactor 1, Ringhals nuclear power plant. Evacuation exercise from the containment, and evacuation simulation whit the program Simulex were made for comparing of results concerning time to critical conditions and evacuation time.
The aim of this report is to study human behaviour during evacuations and also the possibility to influence this behaviour. To achieve this, unannounced evacuations were perfomed in two cinemas in Helsinborg and Lund, Sweden. The evacuees were filmed during the process of evacuating and afterwards they answered a questionnaire. The equipment used whilst trying to influence the behaviour where flas
This report describes experiments with a method for measuring water density in the spray from a water mist sprinkler using laser diodes. The decrease in light intensity at a photo cell across the spray from the diode is used to calculate the water density. The same method has previously been used for measuring the soot content of a flame, but the calculations when measuring water density are in so
This report is an analysis of risks concerning human safety and fire in building 621 in the Gärtuna facility, Södertälje, owned by AstraZeneca. The building is a very large building and the evacuation distances are quite long in some parts of the building. The purpose of this report is therefore to investigate whether the work environment in the building is to be considered safe or not regarding f
This report evaluates the fire safety and safety of passenger’s onboard RO-RO ships. FDS has been used for calculating fire and SIMULEX for calculating evacuation of passengers. Literature has been used for research regarding calculations of fires at sea. A different number of fire scenarios have been used to get the results that the report it is based upon. These results have then been compared w
This report contains a risk analysis for transportation of dangerous substances. The aim of this report is to investigate if Hallandåstunneln will increase or decreases the risk for the inhabitants of Båstad. In order to estimate the risk, individual- and societalrisk are calculated. Finally the risk for today’s transports is compared with the risk a future Hallandsåstunnel will contribute with.
This report is an evaluation of the Swedish police force qualifications and competence regarding fire investigations, more specific regarding their knowledge in fire theory and fire behavior. Fire investigations are handled by both the fire service and the police force. The fire service normally investigates accidental fires. Their intention is to gather information about why the fire occurred. Th
This report address fire safety problems specific for shopping centres, large retail stores and malls. It presents a short guide to be used by staff, safetypersonel and object owners with main focus on the operation phase of fire safety design. To identify problems specific for shopping centres student reports containing fire safety evaluation of 14 different Swedish shopping malls conducted betwe
During the last decade the cutting extinguisher has been used as a complement to more traditional fire fighting tools in the Swedish rescue service. In earlier research regarding the cutting extinguisher, the tools ability to penetrate different building materials and the transition of the water jet into a water spray inside the enclosure have been given little attention. This report aims to illus
The aim of this report is to evaluate the safety impact on the public from the construction of a neutron spallation source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden. ESS is to use the highly flammable hydrogen gas for ion source and cooling agent and mercury for neutron production. The report accounts for the major risks the facility will cause and discusses what actions can be taken to reduce the impact these phenom
In order to simplify the consideration of fire fighter safety for contractors, engineers and others when planning buildings, this report has generated criteria that define a reasonable safe environment to fire fighters. If these criteria are to be used on a national basis, a more equal level of safety for the fire fighters will be achieved no matter where a building is erected. In this report diff
An oil spill accident may lead to vast environmental damage and economic losses. In order to minimize the consequences from an oil spill accident, a well shaped response support should be developed. Response support has the ability to reduce stress and therefore make the rescue operation and decontamination operation more efficient. In this report oil spill accidents, organization theories and typ
