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Path restoration (PR) is one of the basic mechanisms for securing telecommunication networks against failures. In the paper, we discuss the complexity of certain variants of a multi-commodity flow network optimisation problem in directed graphs related to state-independent path restoration mechanisms. We demonstrate that most variants of the considered problem are NP-hard. Depending on the variant
This paper presents data on an extensive late Holocene advance of Kotlujokull, a southeastern outlet glacier from the ice cap Myrdalsjokull, central south Iceland. During the advance, basal till was deposited on top of a volcanic ash layer resting on lava hummocks. Remnants of this landscape are now seen 3.5-5.5 km in front of Kotlujokull as a fragment surrounded by the Myrdalssandur. Electron mic
Methods for measuring toxicity or respiratory activity of microbial cultures can be used as tools for assessing the presence of chemicals and their impact on the streams. The proposed toxicity test is based on the respirometric characteristics of the bacteria according to the principals of Biolog's microplate system. As the microorganism are utilizing the carbon source (peptone), the reduction of
In this work we have further characterized the first mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase (mtNDPK) isolated from plants. The mitochondrial isoform was found to be especially abundant in reproductive and young tissues. Expression of the pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Oregon sugarpod) mtNDPK was not affected by different stress conditions. However, the pea mtNDPK was found to interact with a novel
In this article, we explore marital exogamy ( especially intermarriage between immigrants and natives) among 39 different immigrant groups using cross-sectional registry data for the total immigrant populations in Sweden in 2003. Immigrants who are better educated, who spend a longer time in Sweden before marriage and live outside the bigger cities are more likely to be married to natives. Control
Buprenorphine misuse by injecting drug users was assessed in a survey of 350 needle exchangers, either amphetamine (57%) or heroin users (42%). 89% of heroin users and 24% of amphetamine users reported using buprenorphine at some time during the previous year. Most users reported illicit acquisition. Among illicit users, 87% of heroin users reported intake for withdrawal treatment or self-detoxifi
The spin and orbital moments of Au/Co/Au trilayers grown on a W(110) single crystal substrate have been investigated by means of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Our findings suggest that the orbital moment of Co does not obtain a maximum value along the easy axis, in contrast with previous experience. This is attributed to the large spin-orbit interaction within the Au caps. Both second order p
Methods currently used for surface display on insect cells and budded baculovirus, all utilize the sequences from class I transmembrane proteins. This gives rise to some problems when handling unknown genes or cDNAs encoding full-length proteins. First, the stop codon from the cloned gene will be located upstream of the sequence for the transmembrane region. Second, the chance of getting the seque
Exposure to exogenous (oral contraceptives, postmenopausal hormone therapy) and endogenous (number of ovulatory cycles, adiposity) steroid hormones is associated with breast cancer risk. Breast cancer risk associated with these exposures could hypothetically be modified by genes in the steroid hormone synthesis, metabolism and signaling pathways. Estrogen receptors are the first step along the pat
Previous studies on wake flow visualization of live animals using DPIV have typically used low repetition rate lasers and 2D imaging. Repetition rates of around 10 Hz allow similar to 1 image per wingbeat in small birds and bats, and even fewer in insects. To accumulate data representing an entire wingbeat therefore requires the stitching-together of images captured from different wingbeats, and a
The effect of the antimicrobial agent TMPAC (3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride) on the cellulase activity oil model cellulose substrate was investigated by in situ-null ellipsometry. The cellulases used were extracted from Trichoderma virlde and Aspergillus niger, and the model cellulose film was prepared by spin-coating silicon oxide wafers with cellulose solubilized i
Northern forests are exposed to relatively high ammonia inputs due to high atmospheric deposition and the common practise of forest fertilization. It is not known how increased soil NH4 +concentrations affect acquisition of symbiosis-mediated N from organic sources. We examined the effect of inorganic N and P availability on N acquisition from alanine by 43 weeks old birch (Betula pendula) seedlin
Purpose: To compare glaucoma conversion rates in patients with ocular hypertension (OH) with and without pseudoexfoliation. Design: Cohort study, based on 32 918 screening participants. Participants and Controls: Ninety-eight patients with OH and pseudoexfoliation and 98 matched controls. Main Outcome Measure: Perimetric glaucoma conversion. Methods: A population-based glaucoma screening of elderl
BACKGROUND: Mean left atrioventricular plane displacement is strongly related to prognosis in patients with heart failure. We aimed to examine its value for prognostication and risk stratification in patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Left atrioventricular plane displacement was assessed by echocardiography in 271 consecutive patients with acute myocardial
The human endometrium is a dynamic tissue, which undergoes extensive tissue remodelling during the menstrual cycle. Due to their involvement in such processes, several well-characterized matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have previously been studied in the endometrium. MMP-26 is a newly described matrilysin. We studied MMP-26 mRNA in 39 normal endometrial samples obtained across the menstrual cycle.
Smart polymers (SP) have become one important class of polymers and their applications have been increasing significantly. Last two to three decades have witnessed explosive growth in the subject. SP which are also known as stimuli-responsive soluble insoluble polymers or environmentally sensitive polymers have been used in the area of biotechnology, medicine and engineering. The present review is
