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Popular Abstract in Swedish Människan är uppbyggd av ett stort antal celler. För att kroppens olika organ ska kunna samverka och för att kroppen ska kunna fungera som en helhet, måste de olika cellerna kommunicera med varandra. Cellernas kommunikationssystem är uppbyggt av mottagare, s.k. receptorer, på de olika cellernas yta och signaler som skickas runt mellan cellerna. Receptorerna och signaleThe chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are required, together with CD4, for the entry of HIV-1 into target cells. CCR5 using HIV-1 dominates during transmission and the asymptomatic phase of infection. During progression, virus phenotypes with the ability to use CXCR4 emerge in about 50% of infected individuals. Individuals continuously harbouring CCR5-restricted isolates still progress to AIDS. D

One general class of attacks on stream ciphers is correlation attacks. Most of previous results regarding performance of correlation attacks have been based entirely on simulations. In this paper, we use random coding bounds for convolutional codes to give a theoretical analysis of a previously proposed correlation attack based on convolutional codes. The results from the theoretical derivation ar

Computed tomography (CT) examinations and functional scores were evaluated in 28 patients with thoracolumbar fractures with intraspinal fragments, of whom 20 underwent operation. The cross-sectional area and the sagittal and frontal diameters of the spinal canal were measured after the injury, postoperatively, and at follow-up (mean, 6 years). The operative reduction significantly increased both d

In mice and man, females prefer males with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype different to their own. We tested whether this phenomenon also occurs in the Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). Females in a laboratory experiment preferred to associate with odour samples obtained from more distantly related males at the MHC class 1 loci. Data on free-ranging lizards suggest that assoc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Dramatiska händelser har inträffat regelbundet under jordens historia. Primära, kortvariga katastrofer som t ex asteroidnedslag, omfattande vulkanism eller kraftiga jordskalv kan ge långvariga miljöeffekter, som t ex global uppvärmning eller nedkylning, förändringar i havsnivå och cirkulationsmönster, syrefria oceanbottnar mm. Alla deGeological and biological catastrophic events have occurred repeatedly in the Earth's history, leaving traces in the global stratigraphical record in the form of sedimentary features, geochemical anomalies and biotic turnovers. This thesis focuses on the sedimentological and geochemical signatures of several key events in the Phanerozoic stratigraphical record, and aims to interpret the different

objective: To study fathers' perception of, and involvement in, their children's health. Design: Telephone interviews according to a structured guide. Setting: County of Skane, Sweden. Main outcome measures: Answers regarding care and upbringing of child, child's health and ill health, and role of father. Subjects: 237 fathers of small children. Results: Fathers seem to be involved in their childr

Basic analysis of a potential carrier includes calculation of the probability, or odds, for carriership based on pedigree and clotting factor analysis. Genotype assessment constitutes a more accurate method of carrier detection. Where circumstances permit, the genetic diagnosis of hemophilia should be based on the direct identification of the pathogenic mutation in the factor (F) VIII gene. Neutra

Two acid deposition scenarios were simulated for six European forest sites situated in Germany, Denmark, Russia, Switzerland, Spain and Ireland. Three models were used in combination; the RAINS (Regional Acidification INformations and Simulation) model, the SAFE (Simulating Acidification in Forest Ecosystems) model and the MakeDep model. The scenarios used were based on results from international

The Auger-Doppler effect in the experimental spectra of HF and DF is presented. and the dynamics of ultra-fast dissociation in the core-excited state are discussed. The Doppler splitting of the atomic Auger peak is calculated and simulated using a classical model and a very good agreement is found between experiment and simulation. It is shown that the difference in photon energy relative to the r

1. The dilator effect of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has mainly been characterized as a direct effect on smooth muscle or as an endothelium-dependent effect mediated by nitric oxide (NO) or prostaglandins. We tested the hypothesis that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) may also be involved. Dilator effects were studied in vitro by continuous recording of isomeric ten

Photon-echo-based devices have been proposed for many applications in data storage, image processing, and optical communications. Many of these applications would benefit if the output from the photon-echo process could be used as input in a second photon-echo process. We demonstrate the generation of such secondary echoes, using the amplified output from an initial photon-echo process. The amplif

This article is an overview of the various aspects characterizing the interjection - probably the most controversial linguistic unit in the history of grammatical tradition and modern linguistics - as Latin grammarians outlined them, especially in the postclassical and late antiquity. The corpus employed for the purposes of this study is Henricus Keil's Grammatici Latini, a most valuable and uniqu

Introduction of the xylose pathway from Pichia stipitis into Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables xylose utilization in recombinant S. cerevisiae. However, xylitol is a major by-product. An endogenous aldo-keto reductase, encoded by the GRE3 gene, was expressed at different levels in recombinant S. cerevisiae strains to investigate its effect on xylose utilization. In a recombinant S. cerevisiae strai

Popular Abstract in Swedish Patienter med kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom, KOL, har en försämrad lungfunktion och lider av bronkit och andnöd. Dessa symptom beror troligtvis på en ständigt pågående inflammation i lungan som dels leder till ökad slemproduktion och förträngning av luftrören, dels till emfysem dvs. nedbrytning av lungvävnaden vilket försämrar gasutbytet i lungan. Cigarrettrökning är Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is manifested by chronic airflow limitation due to inflammation and tissue destruction in the lungs. COPD is caused primarily by smoking and with increasing cigarette consumption in the world, the prevalence for COPD will most probably increase in the future. The chronic inflammation in the lungs of these patients is thought to drive the pathogenesis fo