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We experimentally investigate behavioral drivers of bribery, focusing on the role of self-interest, reciprocity, and moral costs associated with distorting judgment. In our laboratory experiment, two participants compete for a prize; a referee picks the winner. Participants can bribe the referee. When the referee can keep only the winner's bribe, bribes distort her judgment. When the referee keeps
Background: In India, excess female under-5 mortality is well documented. Under-5 mortality is also known to be patterned by socioeconomic factors. This study examines sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional study of nationally representative samples of 298 955 children 0-60 months old from the Na
In reply to Marquette and Peiffer's article “Grappling With the ‘Real Politics’ of Systemic Corruption: Theoretical Debates Versus ‘Real-World’ Functions,” this article employs three criticisms: Marquette and Peiffer's call to grapple with the “real politics of corruption” does not bring much new to the table, is conceptually flawed, and risks serving as an excuse for corrupt elites to pursue “bus
A new state-of-the-art thermoelectric material, Tl 2 Ag 12 Te 7+δ , which possesses an extremely low thermal conductivity of about 0.25 W m -1 K
Exploratory synthesis in the area of polar intermetallics has yielded a rich variety of structures that offer clues into the transition in bonding between Zintl and Hume-Rothery phases. In this article, we present a bonding analysis of one such compound, Ca10Pt7Si3, whose large Ca content offers the potential for negative formal oxidation states on the Pt. The structure can be divided into a subla
The structure of β-Mn crystallizes in space group P4 132. The pseudo 8-fold nature of the 4 1 axes makes it constitute an approximant to the octagonal quasicrystals. In this paper we analyze why a five-dimensional super space group containing mutually perpendicular 8-fold axes cannot generate P4 132 on projection to 3-d space and how this may instead be accomplished from a six-dimensional model. A
Semitransparent dark-red or ruby-red moisture- and air-sensitive single crystals of A 10+x[Ge 9] 2[W 1-xNb xO 4] (A = K, Rb; x = 0, 0.35) were obtained by high-temperature solid-state reactions. The crystal structure of the compounds was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. They crystallize in a new structure type (P2 1/c, Z = 4) with a = 13.908(1) Å, b = 15.909(1) Å, c = 17
Background: Dietary compliance assessments are absent in clinical studies on Paleolithic diet. We therefore developed a ‘Paleolithic Diet Fraction’ (PDF), calculated as the fraction of intake from Paleolithic food groups, to assess compliance with Paleolithic diet in a previously reported study. Methods: 29 male patients with ischemic heart disease, impaired glucose tolerance and waist circumferen
Thermoelectric materials are semiconductors that are characterized by poor thermal transport. A large class of interesting compounds for thermoelectric applications are therefore structurally complex intermetallics. This paper deals with two groups of intermetallics, one defined from the point of view of their structures, the Rock-Salt like structures, and the other from their chemical composition
In the Sb-Nb-S-Se system, a new misfit layer compound (MSL) has been synthesized and its structure was determined by combining single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. It presents a composite crystal structure formed by (SbS1-xSe x) slabs stacking alternately with double NbS2 layers and both can be treated as separate monoclinic subsystems. The
A systematic study of the Zn-rich corner of the ternary system Zn-Sb-In revealed the presence of two ternary compounds: stable Zn5Sb4In2-δ (δ=0.15) and metastable Zn9Sb6In2 with closely related crystal structures. Their common motif is a tetragonal basic structure of 32434 nets formed by the Sb atoms. The nets are stacked in antiposition to yield layers of square antiprisms sharing edges plus inte
The crystal structure of the new phase, Ca2Ag 1.83Al0.67Ge1.50(1) (1) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, after the compound was obtained by high temperature synthesis technique. 1 crystallizes with the NbCoB type structure in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (no. 59) with unit cell parameters: a = 20.505(1) Â, b = 4.3807(2) Å c = 7.2211(3) Å, V= 648.65 Å3 (Z = 5). The structure o
A detailed study of the structure of α-Cd13-xSb 10 was performed using a high quality single crystal obtained from a cadmiumrich melt. The study clearly shows that this sample is cadmium-deficient, and should more properly be labelled α-Cd13-xSb10, but whether this is true in general for this phase, or if it is an effect of the precise conditions of synthesis remains unclear. Like for the similar
A study was conducted to investigate the geometrical and electronic connections of Re4Si7 to the rich structural chemistry of the Nowotny Chimmney Ladder phases (NCL). Re4Si7 was prepared by arc-melting a pressed pellet of Re and Si in a stoichiometric ratio, sealing the resulting globule in an excavating quartz tube, and annealing the sample in a muffle furnace. It was found that NCLs were interm
The series of ternary polar intermetalllcs Eu(Zn 1-x Ge x ) 2 0≤x≤ 1) has been investigated and characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as physical property measurements.
Zn 5Sb 4ln 2-δ (δ = 0.15(3)) was synthesized in the form of millimeter-sized crystals from reaction mixtures containing excess zinc. The ternary intermetallie compound is temperature polymorphic, and at room temperature it crystallizes with a new structure type in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn, where a = 7.1619(2), b= 17.1562(4), c=8.6887(4) Å, V = 1067.6(1) Å 3, and Z = 4. The structure featu
Cd13-x;In7Sb10 (x≈2.7, Y≈ 1.5) was synthesized in the form of millsized crystals from reaction mixtures containing excess cadmium. The intermetallic compound crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R3m with α = 12.9704(4), c= 12.9443(5) Å, V= 1886.0(1) Å3, Z=3 and is isostructural to thermoelectric ß-Zn 4Sb3 and ßCd4Sb3. However, in contrast to these last two compounds Cd13-xInySb 10 is free
The iodide form of the mineral onoratoite was synthesized, and like the Cl and Br based analogues, it displays super structure ordering, but for the iodide, the super structure is clearly incommensurate. Due to the poor quality of crystals attainable, the structure was solved by converting the solution of the Cl analogue to a super space formalism, and then using the structural elements from this
The structure of stistaite -SbSn, was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and EDX to yield a simple relation between the modulated structure and the composition. Stistaite is found to be ineommensurately ordered over the entire stability region.
While performing molecular-dynamics simulations of a simple monatomic liquid, we observed the crystallization of a material displaying octagonal symmetry in its simulated diffraction pattern. Inspection of the atomic arrangements in the crystallization product reveals large grains of the β-Mn structure aligned along a common fourfold axis, with 45° rotations between neighboring grains. These 45° r
