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Partially premixed combustion (PPC) has shown to produce high gross indicated efficiencies while yielding lower pollutant emissions, such as oxides of nitrogen and soot, than conventional diesel combustion. Gasoline fuels with a research octane number (RON) of 60-70 have been proposed as optimal for PPC as they balance the trade-off between ensuring good combustion stability at low engine loads an
In-cylinder heat losses in diesel engines reduce engine efficiency significantly and account for a considerable amount of injected fuel energy. A great part of the heat losses during diesel combustion presumably arises from the impingement of the flame. The present study compares the heat losses at the point where the flame impinges onto the piston bowl wall and the heat losses between two impinge
Background: Many genera and species of Streptococcus-like bacteria (SLB) can cause infective endocarditis (IE), but little is known about the epidemiology of and the risk factors for IE in SLB-bacteremia. The aim of the study was to analyze this in a cohort of patients with SLB-bacteremia, focusing on Abiotrophia, Aerococcus, Gemella, and Granulicatella. We also evaluated whether published scoring
Two dispenser types for pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) pheromones-glass capillaries and dental cotton rolls-are described, and release rates reported. Glass capillaries of different diameters were used in field tests to determine dose-response relationships of (2 S,3 S,7 S)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl acetate (diprionyl acetate), diprionyl propionate, and trans-perillenal on the trap catch
Context: Little is known about the individual response of glucose-regulating factors to administration of exogenous insulin infusion in extremely preterm infants. Objective: To evaluate longitudinal serum concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, and plasma glucose levels in a high-frequency sampling regimen in extremely preterm infants treated with insulin because of hyperglycemia. Design: Prospectiv
The chiral syntheses of some analogues, 2 - 7, of 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, 1 (diprionol), and of the corresponding acetates are described. The acetate of 1 is the main attractant in the sex pheromone of the Neodiprion genus (Diprionidae). Compounds 2 /2- 4 were identified as minor components isolated from females of Neodiprion sertifer. Synthetic intermediates were prepared either from chiral
The pine sawfly pheromone precursor 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) was quantified by gas chromatography in different body parts of virgin female Neodiprion sertifer. About one-third of the total amount (approx. 10 ng per female) was found in each of head + thorax, abdominal segments 1-3, and the remaining abdomen. Diprionol was also found in the respective parts of pupae, but in lower amo
Ett universitets värde bestäms delvis av kvaliteten på de samtal som förs där. Utifrån vad vi vet om kreativa processer kan man anta att bra samtal leder till bra idéer som i sin tur leder till god utveckling på längre sikt.Men vilka förutsättningar krävs för att det goda samtalet ska kunna komma till stånd? Hur påverkas våra samtal och därmed våra samarbeten i Corona-tider när i stort sett all ve
This article explores the potential of combining high‐performance computing techniques and a set of integrated digital methods to investigate the cityscape of ancient Hermione, Greece. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), terrestrial laser scanning, image‐based modelling techniques and high‐performance computing have been combined to provide a fully‐three‐dimensional (3D) representation of the city la
All eight optical isomers of 3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐pentadecanyl acetate (diprionyl acetate), of high optical purity (>97.4%), were tested for a behavioural activity on male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in northern Europe. Males were strongly attracted to (2S, 3S, 7S)‐diprionyl acetate. Addition of more than 0.1% of the (2S, 3R, 7R)‐isomer reduced the catch and
Electroantennographic and single sensillum recordings were performed on male pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer, antennae. Responses to the sex pheromone component (2S, 3S, 7S)- 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecenyl (diprionyl) acetate (SSS:OAc), to the behavioral inhibitor (2S, 3R, 7R)-diprionyl acetate (SRR:OAc), to the six other enantiomers of diprionyl acetate, and to the biosynthetic precursor diprionol
Abstract. 1. The bole of a Norway spruce, Picea abies(L.) Karst., was cut in 25 cm sections and infested in the laboratory with 2 or 8 females/dm2 of Ips typographus (L.) and an equal number of males. 2. One log of each beetle density was dissected every second day, beginning 2 days after female introduction. 3. The oviposition rate was highest at the beginning of the breeding period for both dens
The behavior of 118 spruce bark beetles, Ips typographus, was observed on trees under colonization. Most individuals were followed from when they landed until they entered or left the tree. Both males and females spent most time inspecting crevices and searching for a place to start boring or for a hole to enter. These behaviors accounted for 87 and 70% of all behavioral acts recorded for males an
A summary of the present knowledge of variation in individual quality within a bark beetle population is given, with emphasis on the spruce bark beetle Ips typogrophus, A major causal factor is density, mediated by competition during larval development. Density negatively influences individual quality measured as weight, fat content and pheromone production. Together with decreasing mean values at
A model of attack dynamics on a single tree under mass attack by the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is developed from earlier studies of pheromone production and response of the flying population to the pheromone signal. The model is explored for different numbers and sex‐ratios of pioneer beetles and responding beetles. Both numbers of pioneers and responders were important for the dynamics,
In studying the attraction of spruce bark beetles Ips typographus to a pheromone trap, we have proposed a simple diffusion model with drift as a description of the flight of the bark beetles. The model predictions were compared with the results of a release‐recapture experiment, and here we recapitulate the main results from the fitting of models to the data. Several modifications of the basic mod
Two novel easy‐to‐make pheromone traps, a cross‐barrier sticky trap and an open horizontal sticky trap, are described. Both types caught about the same number of male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer, when baited with the synthetic pheromone (2S, 3S, 7S)‐3,7‐dimethylpentadec‐2‐yl acetate. The catch on unbaited cross‐barrier traps was about 17% compared with baited traps, whereas unbaited horizon
ABSTRACT. This study investigated a possible trade‐off between bark beetle reproductive effort and future survival. Parent adult Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were collected when they re‐emerged from a laboratory culture after completing their first brood and held at constant temperatures of 4 or 25oC. As a comparison, emerging brood adults were collected and held at 25oC. The long
