Lichens of the genus Cladonia, mainly C. alpestris, collected during 1882-1972 were analyzed for stable lead and 210Pb. The specific activity of 210Pb (210Pb/Pb ratio) indicates a constant value of about 2 mCi/kg up to 1940, and then decreased to 0.6 mCi/kg during 1950-1960. As the average annual 210Pb deposition is relatively constant, the decrease in the 210Pb/Pb ratio after 1940 indicates an in

The transport of fallout-90Sr has been investigated in the food-chain: Lichen-reindeer-man during 1961-1969. The maximum levels which occurred in lichen during 1963-1965 were about 13 nCi/kg dry wt. The90Sr-level in the lichen-carpet decreased to about 5 nCi/kg dry wt. in 1967-1969. The effective half-time of 90Sr in the lichen-carpet was estimated to be 2.5 ± 0.8 a. The vertical distribution of90

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17

Policy considerations are deeply entangled in discussions about tourism and development. Existing policies in a range of sectors can present considerable challenges for the use of tourism as a development tool. Prevailing values and ideologies, and embedded structures and interests can also shape ideas about who is responsible and what policy options are available. However, researchers often only

Purpose: This paper seeks to overcome the mismatch between evaluation reports and the expectations of the target audience, by identifying crisis management professionals' expectations. Design/methodology/approach: An adapted stakeholder information analysis was used to survey the expectations of 84 crisis management professionals in the Netherlands. A general inductive analysis was applied to qual

Human histo-blood groups are inherited polymorphic variants that occur in the molecular structures on the humanred blood cell (RBC) surface. Introducing foreign RBCs into a recipient lacking an antigen may activate the humoraldefence leading to a hemolytic transfusion reaction. Antigenic differences can also cause hemolytic disease of thefetus and newborn (HDFN). Blood group antigens are implicate

This article examines how the mediatised context of foreign policy provides new opportunities for political leaders to both frame and project their own leadership role to new audiences. The past ten years have witnessed a sharp rise in political leaders’ use of new social media to communicate on a range of foreign policy issues. We argue that this new media context of foreign policy, combined with

Den svenska coronastrategin är omstridd, också utanför landets gränser. Vem som har rätt lär framtiden utvisa, men Sverige särskiljer sig också genom sitt självklara avfärdande av en lockdown som ett otillbörligt ingrepp i den individuella friheten. Det är en svårbegriplig ståndpunkt, skriver Benny Carlson.Den svenska coronastrategin är omstridd, också utanför landets gränser. Vem som har rätt lär framtiden utvisa, men Sverige särskiljer sig också genom sitt självklara avfärdande av en lockdown som ett otillbörligt ingrepp i den individuella friheten. Det är en svårbegriplig ståndpunkt, skriver Benny Carlson.

Cementbaserade material, såsom murbruk och betong, är världens mest använda byggnadsmaterial. Cement är en viktig delkomponent; det reagerar med vatten och bildar ett lim, kallad cementpasta, som får materialet att hårdna. Idag står cementproduktion för en betydande del av världens årliga koldioxidutsläpp. Genom att byta ut delar av cementet mot andra material med cement-lika egenskaper, till exemCement-based materials, such as mortar and concrete, are the most employed construction materials in the world. Cement is an important component; it reacts with water to form a glue, called cement paste, which causes the material to harden. Today, cement production accounts for a significant portion of the world’s annual carbon dioxide emissions. Replacing parts of cement with other materials that

Image quality measures are becoming increasingly important in the field of computer graphics. For example, there is currently a major focus on generating photorealistic images in real time by combining path tracing with denoising, for which such quality assessment is integral. We present FLIP, which is a difference evaluator with a particular focus on the differences between rendered images and co