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Human cystatin C is considered the physiologically most important inhibitor of endogenous papain-like cysteine proteases. We present here an unexpected function of cystatin C. Instead of acting as an inhibitor, cystatin C acts as a facultative, endogenous cofactor for the papain-like IgG-cleaving enzyme IdeS of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. IdeS activity is not dependent on cystatin C

The present article researches the mechanisms suggested for controlling the fulfillment of the EU sustainability criteria for transport biofuels that have been presented in the central legal framework in this area, which is Directive 2009/28/EC. The analysis is extended to the related EU policy documents of a non-binding explanatory and recommendatory character. Judging from the content of Directi

High hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies in children. It is characterized by gain of chromosomes, typically +X, +4, +6, +10, +14, +17, +18, and +21,+21; little is known about additional genetic aberrations. Approximately 20% of the patients relapse; therefore it is clinically important to identify risk-stratifying markers. We used SNP array analys

Functional impairment in individuals with radial longitudinal deficiency can be influenced by several factors, including a short and bowed forearm, radial deviation of the wrist, a non-functional or absent thumb, limited finger motion, and impaired grip strength, but their relationship with activity and participation in adults with radial deficiency is not known.METHODS: Twenty individuals, eighte

Background: Although acrylate/methacrylate allergy has been frequently reported, until now patch testing with this group of allergens has been unwieldy, requiring the application of large supplementary series in most centres. Objectives: To formulate and evaluate two mixes of acrylate/methacrylate allergens in three centres (Malmö, Singapore, and Leuven). Patients/materials/methods: All patien

BACKGROUND: For unknown reasons girls are at an increased risk of coeliac disease compared to boys. However, the observed association might be confounded, since maternal coeliac disease is associated with both an increased risk of the disease in first-degree relatives as well as an increased ratio of girls to boys in offspring. AIMS: We investigate the effect of sex on the risk of coeliac dise

The thymus produces new T cells throughout life but has no self-renewing ability and requires replenishment and recruitment of progenitors derived from the bone marrow. Despite the progress in delineation of mature blood cell development several questions remain regarding T lymphopoiesis. Understanding the developmental stages from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the T-cell lineage-

Stroke leads to brain damage with subsequent slow and incomplete recovery of lost brain functions. Enriched housing of stroke-injured rats provides multi-modal sensorimotor stimulation, which improves recovery, although the specific mechanisms involved have not been identified. In rats housed in an enriched environment for two weeks after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, we found increa

The present response time study investigated the influence Central Swedish word accents have on the interpretation of inflectional morphology. Effects of stem tone match/mismatch on the interpretation of Swedish present and past tense suffixes were tested. Both Accent 1 and Accent 2 were found to influence listeners' response times related to decisions on verb tense. It thus seems that both word a

Little information is available on the effect of neighborhood deprivation on mortality in individuals with cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of level of neighborhood deprivation on mortality after a wide range of cancer diagnoses. This 1990-2004 follow-up study included all individuals in Sweden aged 25-74 years and used multilevel logistic regression with individual-leve

The International Network for Pediatric Hemophilia (INPH) comprises a group of physicians committed to the unique care of and challenges facing pediatric hemophilia patients. By collaborating on an international level, extensive experience can be shared on current practice, new trends can be discussed and scientifically valid studies can be developed and performed. The three overall objectives of

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer detected by screening has an unexplained prognostic advantage beyond stage shift compared with cancers detected clinically. The aim was to investigate biological factors in invasive breast cancer, with reference to mode of detection and rate of death from breast cancer. METHODS: Histology, oestrogen receptor α and β, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor

Cardiac and vascular autonomic neuropathy contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a decline in GFR on heart rate variability (HRV) and nocturnal blood pressure dipping.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a grave diagnosis with insidious progression, generally considered as a consequence of aberrant epithelial wound healing and excessive scarring. This process is commonly modeled in animals by local bleomycin administration, resulting in peribronchial inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. We have previously described initiation and early development of distal pulmonary fibrosi

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a hereditary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene encoding Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). XLA patients have a decreased number of mature B cells and a lack of all immunoglobulin isotypes, resulting in susceptibility to severe bacterial infections. XLA-causing mutations are collected in a mutation database (BTKbase), which is available at http://bioin

In 2006, a cross-sectional survey of 384 randomly selected houses within a community-based follow-up study was conducted to assess the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) prevalence in Bissau. Changes in prevalence and incidence rates were assessed based on a similar survey carried out 10 years earlier. The prevalence of HTLV-1 declined significantly from 3.5% in 1996 to 2.3% in 2006. The incid

The rising trend in the prevalence of obesity has become a major public health concern in many countries during the past decades, partly because being obese is associated with comorbidities and death. The cost of treatment for obesity related diseases has become a heavy burden on the national health care budget in many countries. The treatment options for obesity are mainly weight management thera