Emissions and in-cylinder pressure traces are used to compare the relative importance of soot formation and soot oxidation in a heavy-duty diesel engine. The equivalence ratio at the lift-off length is estimated with an empirical correlation and an idealized model of diesel spray. No correlation is found between the equivalence ratio at lift-off and the soot emissions. This confirms that trends in

A search for a charged Higgs boson (H+) in t (t) over bar decays is presented, where one of the top quarks decays via t -> H(+)b, followed by H+ -> two jets (c (s) over bar). The other top quark decays to Wb, where the W boson then decays into a lepton (e/mu) and a neutrino. The data were recorded in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011, and correspond to an int

Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancerceller är celler som på grund av mutationer, felaktigheter i cellernas DNA, har erhållit förmågan att dela sig ohämmat. Celler behöver tillgång till syre och näring för att överleva, vilket levereras via kroppens blodkärl. Den snabba tillväxten av tumörvävnad leder dock till att befintlig blodtillförsel inte räcker till och delar av tumörerna drabbas därför av syrThe transition from normal into malignant cells with acquired uncontrolled growth is a process where cancer cells viciously develop adaptive strategies to overcome microenvironmental and metabolic stress. Hypoxia, or deficient oxygen supply, is a common feature of the expanding tumor which alters cell metabolism and consecutively causes lowered intracellular pH. To alleviate hypoxic and acidotic s

Popular Abstract in Swedish Resultaten som presenteras i denna doktorsavhandling visar att det går att spara stora mängder energi genom att använda samma typ av värmeväxlare, som normalt används i bilar och lastbilar, i livsmedelsbutikernas kyldiskar. För att hålla maten kall när den ligger ute i butiken cirkuleras en kyld luftström runt i kyldiskarna. Denna kyls i en så kallad värmeväxlare som Provisions are stored and displayed in supermarkets and grocery stores, at a temperature lower than the ambient, in display cabinets, which are responsible for a significant amount of the energy use in this sector. During the 1990s, major changes in the regulations governing the use of synthetic refrigerants took place in Sweden. This resulted in many refrigeration systems being converted to syste

A fluorescence system was developed by using several light emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths as excitation light sources. The fluorescence sensor head consists of multi LED light sources and a multimode fiber for fluorescence collection, where the LEDs and the corresponding filters can be easily chosen to get appropriate excitation wavelengths for different applications. By analyzi

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) studies of isothermal and incompressible turbulent swirling flows in a model gas turbine combustion chamber geometry have been carried out. The focus is on the effect of outlet geometry contraction on the vortex breakdown structure and the precessing vortex core in the chamber. Nine different outlet geometries with different contraction ratio C-r are considered. The res

This paper sheds light on the policy coordination concept and explores its implications for science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies at the regional level. In particular it analyzes whether systemic and complex STI policies entail a larger and more complex need for coordination. We contribute to the literature by developing a conceptual framework that brings together insights from instit

Gluco-incretin hormones increase the glucose competence of pancreatic beta-cells by incompletely characterized mechanisms.

In wave propagation problems thin structures are often replaced by boundaries of zero thickness, in order to reduce the numerical mesh. The reduction of thickness has to be incorporated in the approximate boundary condition applied to the interface. This paper presents a modification of an approximate boundary condition originally introduced by Mitzner. The modified Mitzner condition can be applie

We begin by reviewing a classical result on the algebraic dependence of commuting elements in the Weyl algebra. We proceed by describing generalizations of this result to various classes of Ore extensions, including both results that are already known and one new result.

Mate choice for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) compatibility has been found in several taxa, although rarely in birds. MHC is a crucial component in adaptive immunity and by choosing an MHC-dissimilar partner, heterozygosity and potentially broad pathogen resistance is maximized in the offspring. The MHC genotype influences odour cues and preferences in mammals and fish and hence olfactory

Background: Although diet has long been suspected as an etiological factor for colorectal cancer, studies of single foods and nutrients have provided inconsistent results. Objective: We used factor analysis methods to study associations between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in middle-aged Americans. Design: Diet was assessed among 293 615 men and 198 767 women in the National Institutes o

Data on frequency, severity and correlations of NMS with motor complications are only available for a limited number of NMS. The NMS Scale (NMSS) is a validated tool to assess a broad range of NMS, which has not been used in NMS fluctuations. We assessed fluctuations of a broad range of non-motor symptom (NMS) for a 1-month time period in fluctuating Parkinson's disease (PD) in a multicenter cross

Knowing the genetic variation that occurs in pathogen populations and how it is distributed across geographical areas is essential to understand parasite epidemiology, local patterns of virulence, and evolution of host-resistance. In addition, it is important to identify populations of pathogens that are evolutionarily independent and thus free' to adapt to hosts and environments. Here, we investi

After a brief introduction to some core questions in the history of the book, such as the relationship between form and content, this article investigates the concept of facsimile and its use, and discusses a range of documents that go by the name of “facsimile”. The prevailing definitions of the term “facsimile” focus on the technical means of reproduction and the “exactness” of the copy. However

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