Massive MIMO is considered a key technology for the future wireless communication systems. The promising properties in terms of higher spectral and transmit-energy efficiency are brought by the large number of antennas at the base station (BS). As the number of antennas increases, the aperture of the BS antenna array may become much larger, as compared to today's antenna arrays. In this case, mobi

Det sena 90-talets tre mest populära filmer, ”Jägarna” (1996), ”Fucking Åmål” (1998) och ”Hälsoresan” (1999) skildrade samtliga ett Sverige i ekonomiskt och moraliskt förfall, ett land genomsyrat av "onda" kollektiva mekanismer. Att den populära 90-talsfilmen skildrade vårt land i sådana termer kan rimligen ha att göra med att den ekonomiska tillbakagången i Sverige hade varit drastisk och att mån

Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling studerades artrikedom, rörelsemönster och utdöenden bland fjärilar och solitära bin. Under senare år har det uppmärksammats att antalet arter av insekter minskar i en alarmerande takt. Fjärilar, bin, blomflugor m.fl. blir allt färre. Eftersom insekterna utgör en stor del av arterna på jorden och dessutom har viktiga funktioner i ekosystemen, som t.ex.During recent decades, concern about the loss of biodiversity has increased. To change this negative trend there is an urgent need for effective conservation measures and there are ample evidence that conservation of organisms without an understanding of their ecology and behaviour is impossible. At the Kullaberg Nature Reserve in the south-western part of Sweden butterflies exhibited a disastrous

Recently two new classes of low-rate codes have been presented. The first class is the super-orthogonal turbo codes (SOTCs) and the second is the maximum free distance (MFD) convolutional codes. In this paper we present an evaluation of the performance vs. arithmetic decoding complexity for these codes and compare them with the previously reported super-orthogonal convolutional codes (SOCCs). For

This study shows how porosity is obtained in a biphasic injectable bone graft when aging it in SBF. The injectable bone consists of apatite and calcium sulphate and the porosity is developed by dissolution of the latter material. It was shown that the dissolution was constant with time. Porosity was formed both on the surface and in the bulk of the material. The maximum compressive strength (29 MP

This study is concerned with a specific rerouting strategy in telecommunication networks named Elastic Robust Rerouting (ERR), introduced first in [8]. We recall main points on this strategy, provide mathematical formulation and discuss in details a solution method. The second question studied in this paper is concerned with its distributed version and some related implementation issues. We report

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste par decennierna har en specifik tolkning av döva och dövhet blivit alltmer etablerad på det ”officiella” dövområdet i Sverige, tillika anammat av såväl professionella som föräldrar till döva barn. Döva ska enligt detta synsätt hellre betraktas som tillhörande en kulturell och språklig minoritet än som handikappade. Medicinska strävanden att “laga defektIn the last couple of decades a particular interpretation of deaf and deafness has been established in ‘official’ arenas in Sweden. Deaf individuals, according to this view, should not be seen as disabled, but rather as belonging to a cultural and linguistic minority. Such views find expression in a locally established usage that may be termed a deaf culture discourse. Discourse can be seen as a

Anyone who has taught a course in Strategic Management probably provides the same basic content to students including the infamous SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat) analysis along with the identification of functional level, business level, and generic strategies to enhance an organization’s competitiveness. What might be different in the teaching of strategic management cours

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid en infektion aktiveras vårt immunförsvar och sätter igång ett inflammatoriskt svar med uppgift att eliminera de främmande mikroberna. Det inflammatoriska svaret är nödvändigt för vår överlevnad och en naturlig del av all läkning. I vissa situationer kan dock inflammationen i sig bli för kraftig och orsaka skada på värdens egen vävnad. Ett dysreglerat eller alltför kLeukocyte recruitment is a rate-limiting step in endotoxemic liver injury. Leukocyte extravasation is a multistep process, supported by multiple combinations of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors. This thesis examined the mechanisms of activation, adhesion and extravascular infiltration of leukocytes in endotoxin-induced liver injury. It was found that leukocyte adhesion in postsinusoidal

Popular Abstract in Swedish Balansen mellan våra energibehov och den energi som konsumeras är ej längre i jämvikt. Därför är jakten på alternativa energikällor nödvändig. Hållbara energikällor erbjuder ett bra alternativ till fossilbränslen. Bland många typer av hållbara energikällor erbjuder solenergi möjligheten för mer energi än dagens konsumtion. Solceller är de smarta verktyg som omvandlar ljThe balance between our demands of energy and the energy we are consuming is not in equilibrium anymore. Therefore, the search for other energy resources is indispensable. Sustainable energy sources offer the alternative to the fossil fuels. Within many types of sustainable energy sources, solar energy offers more than the total global energy consumption. Solar cells are the smart conversion tools

Popular Abstract in Swedish I en tid då vi är medvetna om problemen med beroendet av fossila material, både som energi- och råvarukälla, måste vi söka långsiktiga och miljömässigt hållbara lösningar. Katalys kan utgöra ett viktigt bidrag i detta arbete, då det möjliggör reaktioner som annars skulle vara svåra att genomföra på grund av en för hög energibarriär. I takt med den övriga teknologiska utIn times when dwindling energy resources is a major long-term problem for sustaining modern infrastructure and technologies, we need to focus on more enduring solutions. A key contribution to this achievement is catalysis. In order to further develop the significant advancements gained over the last several decades, a deeper understanding of the catalytic processes has to be sought down to the lev

Popular Abstract in English Fungi are multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms which form thread-like filaments called hyphae. They form reproductive structures called sporocarp (also known as mushrooms). Most fungi are saproptrophs, feeding on dead or decaying material while many are also parasitic, feeding on living organisms. In addition, most vascular plants are always in symbiotic association withEctomycorrhizae is the dominant type of mycorrhiza found in association with tree roots in boreal and northern temperate forests. In this symbiosis, the fungal partner derives energy from photosynthates provided by the host trees and in return delivers soil-derived nutrients such as nitrogen (N). The majority of N in forest soils is embedded in recalcitrant organic matter–protein complexes. Ectomy