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A hallmark of disease is that most pathogens are able to infect more than one host species. However, for most pathogens, we still have a limited understanding of how this affects epidemiology, persistence and virulence of infections—including several zoonotic pathogens that reside in wild animal reservoirs and spillover into humans. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge of mallard (Anas
How and why do institutional architectures, and the roles of private institutions therein, differ across separate areas of climate governance? Here, institutional complexity is explained in terms of the problem-structural characteristics of an issue area and the associated demand for, and supply of, private authority. These characteristics can help explain the degree of centrality of intergovernme
The primary purpose of this work was to study and analyze the MSB's training with respect to building fire protection and propose changes in training. The area studied is operational aspects of building fire protection, ie how this protection affects the ability to implement effective response from fire service organizations. The main conclusions were that the training must distinguish between new
The objective of the present work was to create a basis for further development on training for part-time firefighters. An important prerequisite of this work was that to the general public a firefighter is a firefighter and operations are expected to be conducted in the same manner, with similar efficiency and with good result, regardless of the type of resources arriving at the scene of an accid
This report summarizes the work in practically determining how frequently used aerosol- and propane containers are affected at fire exposure from flammable liquids. The tested aerosol- and propane containers were chosen due to common appearance in ordinary grocery- and hardware stores. The tested aerosol containers had a volume range between 15- 400 ml and the propane containers were filled with 0
The purpose of this work was to experimentally examine the importance of safety devices (pressure valve and melting fuse) on propane bottles for consumer use (5 – 6 kg propane). The bottles tested included construction types based on composite (PK5, two different types), aluminum (PA6), and steel (P6). Bottles were tested with and without safety devices. The tests were made as a comparative study.
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) has been used by the fire service for a number of years as a procedure to remove smoke and hot gases from a building on fire. PPV is a procedure where air is pushed into a building exposed to fire with the help of fans, consequently pushing hot air and smoke out of the building. This paper summarizes a large number of studies on PPV, draws conclusions from these
There is a great need to quantify the efficient use of resources during fire fighting operations. When addressing this problem, the focus should be on the results of such operations. This paper describes a number of approaches for quantifying fire fighting operations. Also, it identifies and discusses a number of aspects that has to be considered during such work, including inherent complexity, me
