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Automatic voice pathology detection is promising for non-invasive screening and early intervention using sound signals. Nevertheless, existing methods are susceptible to covariate shifts due to background noises, human voice variations, and data selection biases leading to severe performance degradation in real-world scenarios. Hence, we propose a non-invasive framework that contrastively learns p
Introduction: Postnatal pesticide exposure and its impact on executive functioning (EF) in children and adolescents remains underexplored, particularly in African agricultural contexts. This study investigated associations between urinary pesticide biomarkers and EF in the Child health Agricultural Pesticide study in South Africa (CapSA). Methods: Data from 445 participants (mean age: 10.6 years;
Background: Air pollution is a known risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, evidence regarding the role of black carbon (BC) remains mixed and sparse. This study aimed to examine the association of long-term exposure to air pollution, focusing on BC, with incident asthma and COPD in adults. Method: We followed 28,73
Importance: Traditional adoption studies examine disorder-to-disorder parent-offspring transmission. The role of parental genetic risk in offspring disorder transmission can capture indirect genetic effects from parental genotype to parental phenotype to offspring risk. Objective: To assess the relative importance of genetic and rearing effects from paternal family genetic risk scores (FGRSs) in 3
This paper presents archeological data and chronometric dates documenting human presence in Serbia, central Balkans, during MIS 2. We describe findings from excavations at three cave sites and dating results from two additional localities. The evidence suggests that people were present in the area during the second half of the glacial peak between 25 and 19ka calBp. The chronological placement of
BACKGROUND: Long-term prospective data on antibody and T-cell responses beyond the third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose, particularly in relation to prior SARS-CoV-2 infections and breakthrough infections, remain limited.METHODS: Health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated with BNT162b2 were enrolled in January 2021. Blood samples were collected before and one month after each of four vaccine doses through
Timely diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially in high-risk populations, is crucial for preventing serious health complications. T1D is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease that has presymptomatic stages that can be identified through the detection of islet autoantibodies. Given that T1D is associated with other autoimmune diseases, having either those diseases or a family history of th
This paper investigates how bank liability regimes shaped liquidity responses during the Great Depression in Sweden. Using monthly balance sheet data (1929-1934), we find that unlimited liability banks increased liquid assets more aggressively in response to monetary tightening and crisis, reallocating away from securities. In contrast, limited liability banks exhibited weaker responses. Mechanism
Importance Elevated blood pressure (BP) in adolescence has been linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, as well as surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, such as carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery calcification. However, these markers do not fully capture the complex spectrum of subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objective To examine the associati
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an EEG voltage fluctuation caused by the brain's automatic reaction to unexpected changes in a repetitive stimulation. In an experiment we studied 68 infants of which 2/3 were born preterm. Due to noise of large amplitude, the MMN is difficult to detect in a single infant's EEG. Therefore grand average, which is a average of many subjects EEG recordings, is sometimes u
The paper studies redistributive choices and tests the trade-off between a meritocratic ideal and the willingness to reward cooperation. We design an online experiment that collects information on real redistribution in favor of subjects that differ in relative performance and cooperative levels. Cooperative behavior plays a major role in making people “deserve” redistribution; furthermore, redist
The illicit trafficking of cultural heritage represents a significant global challenge, exacerbated by digital technologies that facilitate unauthorised trade while offering new protection opportunities. The ANCHISE project addresses these challenges through a suite of six innovative, complementary tools designed to enhance the detection, prevention, and investigation of cultural property traffick
South America’s major montane systems (Andes, Pantepui, Atlantic Forest) host many endemic lineages, including some that are phylogenetically related across these systems yet highly divergent from lineages in the intervening lowlands. This pattern likely reflects historical vicariance, dispersals, and extinctions, but the spatiotemporal context of these events relative to environmental changes and
In univariate spatial stochastic models, parameter space dimension is reduced through structural models with a known adjacency matrix. This structural reduction is also applied in multivariate spatial settings, where matrix-valued observations represent locations along one coordinate and multivariate variables along the other. However, such reduction often goes too far, omitting parameters that ca
Microglia exhibit targeted responses to different stimuli, including lipids, which can differ depending on the environmental conditions they encounter. These responses involve inflammatory mediators and are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis. This study investigated whether inflammatory, metabolic, and phagocytic responses of microglia to the saturated fatty acid palmitate depend on extrace
Lysine is an essential amino acid with insulinotropic effects in humans. In vitro, it enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cell lines and rodent islets. While lysine is thought to act via membrane depolarization similar to arginine, the role of its intracellular metabolism in β-cell function remains unexplored. Here, we show that lysine acutely potentiates GSIS and that genes
Purpose To evaluate the added value of 7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presurgical assessment of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), considering its overall impact on clinical decision-making, including both MRI-positive and MRI-negative cases, and its timing during the evaluation process. Methods Sixty-one patients with drug-resistant TLE, enrolled in this study underw
Poultry industry worldwide: Newcastle Disease (ND) is highly contagious poultry viral disease posed a major threat to the poultry industry due to millions of deaths worldwide. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) cause recurrent epidemics due to its rapid genomic evolution. In this study, we developed an in silico vaccine against all NDV strains using matrix protein. A reverse vaccinology approach was em
The laminar burning velocity (SL) of methane (CH4), the primary constituent of natural gas, is a key combustion property essential for validating combustion kinetic models. The present study focuses on the CH4 SL at the very rich side of flames, where the available experimental data are scarce with highly dispersed measurement conditions, and data projection was carried out to overcome the difficu
