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This paper describes a simple tuner for a PID algorithm. The tuner i based on a simple method for determining the critical gain and the ultimate period.The controller settings are then determined by simple rules of the Ziegler-Nicholstype. The self-tuner is much simpler than algorithms proposed before.
Brain edema associated with severe chronic hypertension was studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), 5 to 9 months of age. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage sites and intracerebral spreading pathways for plasma proteins were delineated by an intravenously (i.v.) injected exogenous dye tracer (Evans blue), known to form a complex with albumin in blood, and by immunohistochem
In recent years the importance of strong brands has come very much into focus both among theoreticians and practitioners. In order to gain a better understanding of the nature of brand strength, I have chosen to analyse the branding process. The overriding aim of this analysis is to develop a theoretical framework and typology with which to facilitate our understanding of how powerful brands can b
Magnesium chelatase (EC 6.6.1.1) catalyses the insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin IX, the first unique step of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme is composed of three different subunits of approximately 40, 70 and 140 kDa. In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) the subunits are encoded by the genes Xantha-h, Xantha-g and Xantha-f. In the 1950s, eight induced xantha-f mutants were iso
A tegumental sensory organ is described in Derocheilocaris typica. It consists of sensory cells, the somata of which are situated in the rim of the central nervous system. They give rise to long dendrites, each of which transforms to one cilium. Three cilia surface in small pegs on the body. In the labrum there are seven peg sensilla with five and three with two cilia each that emerge in small por
The thesis comprises four independent research papers and a summary that focus on two related dimensions. The first dimension focuses on the understanding of the production of health. Particularly, the question is asked whether community's stock of social capital influence individual's health. The second dimension focuses on an attempt to understand the causes of socioeconomic health inequality (S
This paper compares the extraction effectiveness of six different commonly applied extraction techniques for the determination of PCBs in soil. The techniques included are Soxhlet, Soxtec, ultrasonication extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and accelerated solvent extraction. For none of the techniques were the extraction conditions optimized, but instead the
Flow cytometric assessments of DNA ploidy status and the S-phase fraction (SPF) have been shown to yield prognostic information in breast cancer. The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the reproducibility of results with regard to tumor DNA heterogeneity, and to ascertain whether the prognostic value of DNA measurements might be enhanced by analyzing two pieces of a tumor instead of
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar statiska och dynamiska lagbeslutsproblem i både stokastiska och deterministiska ramverk. Lagproblemet är ett kooperativt spel, där ett antal spelare utgör ett lag som försöker optimera en given kostnad inducerad av omvärldens osäkerhet. Osäkerheten kan modelleras antingen som stokastisk, vilket ger upphov till det stokastiska lag problemet, elThis thesis considers static and dynamic team decision problems in both stochastic and deterministic settings. The team problem is a cooperative game, where a number of players make up a team that tries to optimize a given cost induced by the uncertainty of nature. The uncertainty is modeled as either stochastic, which gives the stochastic team problem, or modelled as deterministic where the team
To establish relationships between soil phosphorus (P) fractions and leaf P, a mycorrhizal species (Plantago lanceolata L.) was compared with a typically non-mycorrhizal species (Rumex acetosella L.) in a glasshouse experiment. The plants were grown in 40 soils from non-fertilised, abandoned pastures or abandoned arable fields and leaf P concentration were found to be related to various soil P fra
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar periodiska strukturer som används som frirymdsfilter för elektromagnetiska vågor. Två typer av periodiska strukturer behandlas, nämligen så kallade frekvensselektiva ytor (FSS) och artificiella puck strukturer (APP). En FSS består av en eller flera periodiska gitter av identiska element som är inbäddade i ett godtyckligt antal dielektriska skiThis dissertation deals with periodic structures that are used as free-space electromagnetic filters. Two types of periodic structures are treated, namely the so called frequency selective surface (FSS) and the artificial puck plate (APP) structure. The FSS structure consists of one or several periodic arrays of identical elements embedded in an arbitrary number of dielectric layers. The APP struc
This study investigated attendance of treatment and follow-up characteristics in two samples of suicide attempters with different lengths of follow-up, that is after one month and after three months. They did not differ initially. After one month, most of the treatment non-attenders (32%) had not yet established an outpatient contact after inpatient treatment, while after three months, 38% of the
Effects of polyamines on the spontaneous mechanical and electrical activity of guinea-pig intestinal smooth muscle were studied. Spermine and spermidine inhibited action potential generation and contractions, while putrescine had no effect. Single smooth muscle cells were isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of the guinea-pig ileum. Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments were carried out to i
